XXXXXXXXX学院
毕业论文
大学教育作为公共品的效率分析
学号 хх
姓名 XXXXXX
学院 机电工程学院
专业 机电一体化技术
导师 XXXXXX
时间 2010 年 月 日
目 录
摘要 Ⅰ
一、前言 х
二、大学教育对应与公共品的分类 х
（一）公共产品的一般概念
（二）公共产品需求供给的一般理论
（三）大学教育所对应的分类
二、中国大学总体情况介绍
三、应用公共品的效率分析方法对大学教育进行分析 х
（一）作为准公共品的大学教育的效率缺失
（二）大学教育存在的外在性问题和搭便车问题以及解决
（三）大学教育费用的有效分担
（四）学生，政府，潜在受益者三方的博弈
四、分析结论并运用于总体的情况 х
参考文献 х
致谢 х
大学教育作为公共品的效率分析
王翔
摘要
在中国，大学招生人数每年都在上升，而大学毕业生待业人数也逐年增加。大学的供不应求以及大学效率的缺失问题严重。本文以对外经济贸易大学为例，认为作为准公共产品的大学教育，ⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹ本研究结果对正在积极进行的大学教育改革也应该有一定的参考价值。
关键词：大学教育 公共产品 效率分析
一、前言
所谓公共品是指在消费上具有非竞争性和非排他性的这样一类物品或服务。三大类完全满足的叫做纯公共品；物品或服务一经提供，那么再新增一个消费者的边际费用为零，因而价格亦为零，
二、中国大学总体情况介绍
随着九年义务教育的深化以及人民生活水平的提高，大学教育发展迅速。ⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹ当我们用这样的观点看待大学教育的时候，我们应该遵循一定的判定步骤：
近年来，ⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹ，如表1所示：
表1：中国高等教育发展情况统计表
年份
项目 2002年 2003年 2004年 高等学校（所） 2003 2110 2236 高考招生（万人） 320.50 382.17 447.34 在校生（万人） 903.36 1108.56 1333.50 平均人数（人） 6471 7143 7704 毕业生（万人） 133.73 187.75 239.12 教职工（万人） 130.36 145.26 161.07 教师（万人） 70.73 72.47 85.84 师生比 19:1 17:1 16.22:1 毛入学率（%） 16% 17% 19% 资料来源：中华人民共和国教育部：2002、2003、2004年度《全国教育事业发展统计公报/edoas/website18.
从以上表格中可以看出，ⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹ。
由此，不难得出这样的结论：ⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹ。
三、应用公共品的效率分析方法对大学教育进行分析
衡量一个大学教育水平，或者说教育效率的重要指标就是该校大学生的就业情况，但是总体来说，毕业生就业形势严峻。
图1：2004年大学毕业生流向
资料来源：《2006年就业形势简析》，CHR可锐职业顾问，.
从上表的比较可以看出，ⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹ
2004年全国大学本科生共毕业240万人，其中待业人数达到69万，占总人数的29%，
ⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹⅹ
参考文献
中文部分
[1] 柴华：《公共品提供制度改革及对我国的政策建议》，北京：中国人民大学出版社2003年版。
[2]
[3]
[4]
[5]
二、英文部分
[1] Buchanan, J. M., “An Economic Theory of Clubs”, Economics, 1965(2), pp. 1 – 14.
[2]
致谢
本文在撰写过程中，得到了鹤壁职业技术学院ⅹⅹⅹ老师和ⅹⅹⅹ的悉心指导和帮助，他们对本论文的写作提出了非常宝贵的意见，在此表示衷心的感谢。另外，在资料收集阶段，ⅹⅹⅹ先生为我提供了许多关于中国出版业现状的重要资料；同时，本文还参考了大量专家学者的著作，得到了同窗好友的帮助，在此一并表示真诚的感谢！
签名（要求手写）
2006年6月22日
① 高培勇、崔军编著：《公共部门经济学》，北京：中国人民大学出版社2002年版，第43-44页。
guide sex further enhanced, documents handle and running of speed obviously speed up, program gradually specification, conference service and Chief reception of quality and level has has new of improve, Logistics support capability further strengthened.
Document management, confidential, confidentiality, duty, letters and other items have been significantly improved. 4, Office construction increased at all levels. City Government offices adhere to strengthen and improve the construction of the system as a breakthrough, has developed a series of code of conduct, continuous improvement of operational mechanism, sound and the implementation of the rules and regulations, and adhere to the system of managing people, according to the rules, the work gradually into the orbit of institutionalization and standardization.
Focus on strengthening ideological and political construction of the contingent of cadres, and actively carried out various business training, knowledge of the Office team structure has been optimized, to broaden the range of knowledge and operational capacity grows, nurtured a political firm, sharp, professional and innovative staff, created solidarity, striving for the top, pragmatic, dedication, good image. However, with the State Council and the provincial Government of the national, the province's Secretary-General meeting of government offices under the new situation the functions and priorities compared to the requirements of our gap is still very big. Main is daily in the passive meet of more, active research of less, service also has not timely, and not in place of problem; work in the meet Yu traditional of, and program of of work way, develop innovation spirit and service innovation capacity not strong; supervision information work and promoted decision implementation of contact enough close, feedback situation not active; research resources of using enough full, research results of into degree not high; some sector documents running not specification; Municipal Government Office on the County (district) and municipal government sector Office work of guide enough, No real form interaction and close collaboration, promote the implementation of the work.
These problems, we must effectively be addressed in the future work. Second, serve the overall situation, carry out their duties, improve quality, and strive to create a new situation of system of government offices in the city since last season, meeting the Secretary-General of the State Council and the provincial government has held a government system, from a global and strategic height, scientifically analyzed the new situation and the newTasks on the system of government offices bring new situations and new problems and new challenges, profoundly expounded the work of government departments at all levels in the new era should be put in the situation to understand, to grasp, to deploy at any time and under any circumstances, should always focus on the big picture, firmly grasp the overall situation, increasing in the overall implementing in earnest the work of spontaneity, initiativeSecondly, we should strengthen the team. A unit is a team in various sections of the unit inside is also a small team. A unit with a team spirit, formed a team responsibility, cohesion and competitiveness. You want to make a unit, a Department work improvement, must be melting inside a feeling of solidarity and mutual help, for a common goal and determined to achieve the spirit, cultivating a strong collective spirit and team responsibility, sense of honor. Therefore, we need to start improving office work and enhance the efficiency of Office work and strive to build a concerted ... Fault. In accordance with the requirements of modern management science, establishing strict responsibility system of management by objectives. A work who is in charge, who is in charge and who is responsible, what right do these people have, what responsibility, has to truthfully and clearly understood. Departments at all levels should strictly implement the check in the Office of party Committee evaluation, significant accountability and reward incentive system, pay close attention to duty cash and making unity, rights, responsibilities, and to inspire each of cadres spirit and morale, Super courage. Investee insists, is a deep topic, is a real problem, is a big issue. Today, I just combined this year, the city's Communist Party Committee Office, had some rough talk and understanding, we must strengthen research and exchanges in this regard in the future. Investee in the new year, we must hold high the banner of Deng Xiaoping theory and the "three represents" theory the great banner of, under the correct leadership of the CPC, adhere to the people-oriented, insist on truth, adhere first to excellence, efforts to do Office work to a new level. Speech at the Conference on the system of government offices in the city around the development of service function to create a new situation in the work of the Office of the city's system of Government--speech at the Conference on the system of government offices in the city
This system of government offices working in the city's main task is to study Government systems of administrative supervision, administrative information, administrative reception and information technology issues. For the meeting, the City Mayor Ma has made important instructions, the Municipal Government Office fully prepared brewing, combined with practical work to develop the notice on further strengthening the supervision work, the XX, Chief Information interim measures for 2005 and the city's system of Government Administration informatization construction task statement and other documents. Before the General Assembly and organization of counties (districts) of the scene to observe the Government Office, achieve the purpose of exchanges of work, thought. Today, the Tang Mayor also attended the meeting and delivered an important speech in the midst, hope good grasp of implementation.
Next, I would like to make a few remarks.
A, and around Center, looks at development, strengthened service, city government system Office work rendering atmosphere in recent years, city government system Office to
guide sex further enhanced, documents handle and running of speed obviously speed up, program gradually specification, conference service and Chief reception of quality and level has has new of improve, Logistics support capability further strengthened.
Document management, confidential, confidentiality, duty, letters and other items have been significantly improved. 4, Office construction increased at all levels. City Government offices adhere to strengthen and improve the construction of the system as a breakthrough, has developed a series of code of conduct, continuous improvement of operational mechanism, sound and the implementation of the rules and regulations, and adhere to the system of managing people, according to the rules, the work gradually into the orbit of institutionalization and standardization.
Focus on strengthening ideological and political construction of the contingent of cadres, and actively carried out various business training, knowledge of the Office team structure has been optimized, to broaden the range of knowledge and operational capacity grows, nurtured a political firm, sharp, professional and innovative staff, created solidarity, striving for the top, pragmatic, dedication, good image. However, with the State Council and the provincial Government of the national, the province's Secretary-General meeting of government offices under the new situation the functions and priorities compared to the requirements of our gap is still very big. Main is daily in the passive meet of more, active research of less, service also has not timely, and not in place of problem; work in the meet Yu traditional of, and program of of work way, develop innovation spirit and service innovation capacity not strong; supervision information work and promoted decision implementation of contact enough close, feedback situation not active; research resources of using enough full, research results of into degree not high; some sector documents running not specification; Municipal Government Office on the County (district) and municipal government sector Office work of guide enough, No real form interaction and close collaboration, promote the implementation of the work.
These problems, we must effectively be addressed in the future work. Second, serve the overall situation, carry out their duties, improve quality, and strive to create a new situation of system of government offices in the city since last season, meeting the Secretary-General of the State Council and the provincial government has held a government system, from a global and strategic height, scientifically analyzed the new situation and the newTasks on the system of government offices bring new situations and new problems and new challenges, profoundly expounded the work of government departments at all levels in the new era should be put in the situation to understand, to grasp, to deploy at any time and under any circumstances, should always focus on the big picture, firmly grasp the overall situation, increasing in the overall implementing in earnest the work of spontaneity, initiativeSecondly, we should strengthen the team. A unit is a team in various sections of the unit inside is also a small team. A unit with a team spirit, formed a team responsibility, cohesion and competitiveness. You want to make a unit, a Department work improvement, must be melting inside a feeling of solidarity and mutual help, for a common goal and determined to achieve the spirit, cultivating a strong collective spirit and team responsibility, sense of honor. Therefore, we need to start improving office work and enhance the efficiency of Office work and strive to build a concerted ... Fault. In accordance with the requirements of modern management science, establishing strict responsibility system of management by objectives. A work who is in charge, who is in charge and who is responsible, what right do these people have, what responsibility, has to truthfully and clearly understood. Departments at all levels should strictly implement the check in the Office of party Committee evaluation, significant accountability and reward incentive system, pay close attention to duty cash and making unity, rights, responsibilities, and to inspire each of cadres spirit and morale, Super courage. Investee insists, is a deep topic, is a real problem, is a big issue. Today, I just combined this year, the city's Communist Party Committee Office, had some rough talk and understanding, we must strengthen research and exchanges in this regard in the future. Investee in the new year, we must hold high the banner of Deng Xiaoping theory and the "three represents" theory the great banner of, under the correct leadership of the CPC, adhere to the people-oriented, insist on truth, adhere first to excellence, efforts to do Office work to a new level. Speech at the Conference on the system of government offices in the city around the development of service function to create a new situation in the work of the Office of the city's system of Government--speech at the Conference on the system of government offices in the city
This system of government offices working in the city's main task is to study Government systems of administrative supervision, administrative information, administrative reception and information technology issues. For the meeting, the City Mayor Ma has made important instructions, the Municipal Government Office fully prepared brewing, combined with practical work to develop the notice on further strengthening the supervision work, the XX, Chief Information interim measures for 2005 and the city's system of Government Administration informatization construction task statement and other documents. Before the General Assembly and organization of counties (districts) of the scene to observe the Government Office, achieve the purpose of exchanges of work, thought. Today, the Tang Mayor also attended the meeting and delivered an important speech in the midst, hope good grasp of implementation.
Next, I would like to make a few remarks.
A, and around Center, looks at development, strengthened service, city government system Office work rendering atmosphere in recent years, city government system Office to
and steadfastness. And explicitly put forward the "surrounding situation, pay attention to implementation" is the core of government offices, requiring government departments at all levels cannot be "Gramophone", "mail room" and "the Messenger" is not confined to paper communications, yinglaisongwang and upload issue. Must to has strongly of implementation consciousness, this is Government Office sector first bit of task, to first, and is duty-bound, insisted reported truth, and told truth, and out confess, and do facts, and pragmatic effect, put work of to points real put to research solution reform development stable in the of major problem Shang, put to research solution masses production life in the of urgent problem Shang, put to research solution work in the exists of highlight problem Shang, put an end to to Conference implement Conference, to file implementation file, never can makes superior of decision and deployment in a "implementation" Lost in the sound.
System Office of the Government sector must take the lead in party and Government policies, the deployment and carry out specific targets, in the implementation efforts, for example on the implementation, on the implementation of a performance.
City Government System Office to seriously implement implementation national, and Province Government system Secretary-General Office Director Conference spirit, according to around overall, grasp implementation this a general requirements, insisted reform innovation, further change management concept, and management functions, and management system and management method; insisted quality first, ensure for led, and for grass-roots, and for masses provides quality efficient service; insisted strictly rule political, efforts construction a support political firm, and business master, and service political clean, and style excellent of Office team. Concrete work, and must deal with "three relationships": one is to handle well the relationship between passive adaptation and active service. Office service functions to the passive aspect of its work, which requires us to host lead when action must be strictly in accordance with the intentions and requirements for leadership, work within the limits of delegated authority, not offside, participation in the intervention, and not decision-making, coordination is not contemplated.
Meanwhile, Office work and must become more conscious, give full play to the initiative and work to some foreseeable, be proactive, prepared, thinking ahead, providing information, active leadership, reflect the situation, ahead of good research, reference point, in key places to promote overall efficiency. Second, to handle the relationship between administrative services and transaction services. Administrative services and Services Office services complement the two aspects of the job. Administrative services is the core service is guaranteed. Note that combines both, adhere to government service as the main line, the Chief turns around the overall situation, turns around the district. On one hand, will attachthree a representative" important thought for guide, efforts adapted new situation, and new task, and new requirements, tightly around city reform development of overall, further change functions, strengthened service, determined to innovation, Government System Office overall work of quality and level has has new of improve, for city economic social development made has due of contribution. 1, staff assistant for further strengthening. Around the focus of leadership services, actively carry out research studies, for all levels of Government on the event, grab global proposed a number of solutions with a higher reference value recommendations provide a basis for improving government leadership. About development, adjustment of interest difficulty, people the focus of the problem, and give full play to the offices that are interlinked, dredge about, contact and coordination of functions, in order to reduce conflict, to avoid omissions, form a joint force, promoting the Government to play an active role in the work as a whole.
Working around Government Center implementation supervision intensified, broadened and improved efficiency, do check the fruit, fruit, assisting the Government in implementation of the Assistant role to play, a powerful impetus to the realization of the objectives of the Government. 2, the service areas to further expand. The full implementation of the open government pilot project, strengthening carrier construction, innovative forms of public, deepening public content, extends the open range, regulate public procedures, establishment of a city, County, Township and village-level administration system, to meet the people's right to know, creates conditions for the effective exercise of supervision. Development issued the XX, matters of significant public policy implementation measures, such as the question of hearing 6 system, open Government continues to promote in depth. Established opened the city (County) long public phones, solving a number of concern people's immediate interests and produce hot spots and difficult problems in life, by all sectors of the community alike. Universal Chief was built starting at the city and county levelsHall masses, serve the community for the Government to play a better Windows and tie.
With the system of Government Office for hub, connecting the County (district) and the departments of municipal government Web sites and Office decision-making service system has been built in the city, Government Office local area network established, significantly accelerate the pace of office automation and information network. 3, improved quality and productivity with new work. City levels Government Office put pursuit quality and efficiency as measure Office overall work level of important standard, pendulum in highlight location, around service overall, and pay close attention to the implementation this central, right processing inherited and innovation, and full and focus, and on Shang service and on Xia service of relationship, bold innovation, focused on effectiveness, presentation of policy sex, and targeted and
and steadfastness. And explicitly put forward the "surrounding situation, pay attention to implementation" is the core of government offices, requiring government departments at all levels cannot be "Gramophone", "mail room" and "the Messenger" is not confined to paper communications, yinglaisongwang and upload issue. Must to has strongly of implementation consciousness, this is Government Office sector first bit of task, to first, and is duty-bound, insisted reported truth, and told truth, and out confess, and do facts, and pragmatic effect, put work of to points real put to research solution reform development stable in the of major problem Shang, put to research solution masses production life in the of urgent problem Shang, put to research solution work in the exists of highlight problem Shang, put an end to to Conference implement Conference, to file implementation file, never can makes superior of decision and deployment in a "implementation" Lost in the sound.
System Office of the Government sector must take the lead in party and Government policies, the deployment and carry out specific targets, in the implementation efforts, for example on the implementation, on the implementation of a performance.
City Government System Office to seriously implement implementation national, and Province Government system Secretary-General Office Director Conference spirit, according to around overall, grasp implementation this a general requirements, insisted reform innovation, further change management concept, and management functions, and management system and management method; insisted quality first, ensure for led, and for grass-roots, and for masses provides quality efficient service; insisted strictly rule political, efforts construction a support political firm, and business master, and service political clean, and style excellent of Office team. Concrete work, and must deal with "three relationships": one is to handle well the relationship between passive adaptation and active service. Office service functions to the passive aspect of its work, which requires us to host lead when action must be strictly in accordance with the intentions and requirements for leadership, work within the limits of delegated authority, not offside, participation in the intervention, and not decision-making, coordination is not contemplated.
Meanwhile, Office work and must become more conscious, give full play to the initiative and work to some foreseeable, be proactive, prepared, thinking ahead, providing information, active leadership, reflect the situation, ahead of good research, reference point, in key places to promote overall efficiency. Second, to handle the relationship between administrative services and transaction services. Administrative services and Services Office services complement the two aspects of the job. Administrative services is the core service is guaranteed. Note that combines both, adhere to government service as the main line, the Chief turns around the overall situation, turns around the district. On one hand, will attachthree a representative" important thought for guide, efforts adapted new situation, and new task, and new requirements, tightly around city reform development of overall, further change functions, strengthened service, determined to innovation, Government System Office overall work of quality and level has has new of improve, for city economic social development made has due of contribution. 1, staff assistant for further strengthening. Around the focus of leadership services, actively carry out research studies, for all levels of Government on the event, grab global proposed a number of solutions with a higher reference value recommendations provide a basis for improving government leadership. About development, adjustment of interest difficulty, people the focus of the problem, and give full play to the offices that are interlinked, dredge about, contact and coordination of functions, in order to reduce conflict, to avoid omissions, form a joint force, promoting the Government to play an active role in the work as a whole.
Working around Government Center implementation supervision intensified, broadened and improved efficiency, do check the fruit, fruit, assisting the Government in implementation of the Assistant role to play, a powerful impetus to the realization of the objectives of the Government. 2, the service areas to further expand. The full implementation of the open government pilot project, strengthening carrier construction, innovative forms of public, deepening public content, extends the open range, regulate public procedures, establishment of a city, County, Township and village-level administration system, to meet the people's right to know, creates conditions for the effective exercise of supervision. Development issued the XX, matters of significant public policy implementation measures, such as the question of hearing 6 system, open Government continues to promote in depth. Established opened the city (County) long public phones, solving a number of concern people's immediate interests and produce hot spots and difficult problems in life, by all sectors of the community alike. Universal Chief was built starting at the city and county levelsHall masses, serve the community for the Government to play a better Windows and tie.
With the system of Government Office for hub, connecting the County (district) and the departments of municipal government Web sites and Office decision-making service system has been built in the city, Government Office local area network established, significantly accelerate the pace of office automation and information network. 3, improved quality and productivity with new work. City levels Government Office put pursuit quality and efficiency as measure Office overall work level of important standard, pendulum in highlight location, around service overall, and pay close attention to the implementation this central, right processing inherited and innovation, and full and focus, and on Shang service and on Xia service of relationship, bold innovation, focused on effectiveness, presentation of policy sex, and targeted and
guide sex further enhanced, documents handle and running of speed obviously speed up, program gradually specification, conference service and Chief reception of quality and level has has new of improve, Logistics support capability further strengthened.
Document management, confidential, confidentiality, duty, letters and other items have been significantly improved. 4, Office construction increased at all levels. City Government offices adhere to strengthen and improve the construction of the system as a breakthrough, has developed a series of code of conduct, continuous improvement of operational mechanism, sound and the implementation of the rules and regulations, and adhere to the system of managing people, according to the rules, the work gradually into the orbit of institutionalization and standardization.
Focus on strengthening ideological and political construction of the contingent of cadres, and actively carried out various business training, knowledge of the Office team structure has been optimized, to broaden the range of knowledge and operational capacity grows, nurtured a political firm, sharp, professional and innovative staff, created solidarity, striving for the top, pragmatic, dedication, good image. However, with the State Council and the provincial Government of the national, the province's Secretary-General meeting of government offices under the new situation the functions and priorities compared to the requirements of our gap is still very big. Main is daily in the passive meet of more, active research of less, service also has not timely, and not in place of problem; work in the meet Yu traditional of, and program of of work way, develop innovation spirit and service innovation capacity not strong; supervision information work and promoted decision implementation of contact enough close, feedback situation not active; research resources of using enough full, research results of into degree not high; some sector documents running not specification; Municipal Government Office on the County (district) and municipal government sector Office work of guide enough, No real form interaction and close collaboration, promote the implementation of the work.
These problems, we must effectively be addressed in the future work. Second, serve the overall situation, carry out their duties, improve quality, and strive to create a new situation of system of g
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