Section Ⅲ Grammar—— “介词＋关系代词 ”引导的定语从句
[ 思维导图]
[ 语法精讲] 一、基本用法 当关系代词在定语从句中充当介词的宾语时，我们可以用“介词＋关系代词”引导定语从句。如果先行词为人时，用“介词＋whom”；如果先行词为物时，用“介词＋which”。who 和 that 不能用于此结构，但介词后置时可以使用，如果作宾语也可以省略。
The ladder on which I was standing began to slip. 我脚下的梯子开始向下滑动。
二、“介词＋关系代词”中介词的确定 1．根据先行词与介词的搭配习惯来确定。
I remember the day on which I joined the army. 我仍然记得我参军的那一天。(表示具体的“在哪一天”，用介词on)
2．根据定语从句中的谓语动词或形容词确定介词。该动词或形容词常与某些介词构成固定搭配。
He is the man for whom I"m waiting for a long time. 他是我等了很久的那个人。(wait for 等待，为固定搭配) He is a famous singer of whom we are proud. 他是一位我们引以为豪的著名歌唱家。(be proud of 以……为豪，为固定搭配) 3．根据句子的意思确定介词。
有些句子，先行词完全一样，定语从句中谓语动词也不是固定的动词短语。这时，需要根据句子所要表达的意思选用不同的介词。
This is the book without which I can"t pass the exam. 这是一本没有它我就不能通过考试的书。
三、“介词＋关系代词”的特殊用法 1．“the＋名词＋of＋关系代词”引导定语从句时，有时可用“whose＋名词”或“of＋关系代词＋the＋名词”替换。
I live in the room, the windows of which(＝of which the windows＝whose windows) face south. 我住在一个窗户朝南的房间里。
[名师点津] 在“the＋名词＋of＋关系代词”或“of＋关系代词＋the＋名词”中一定不能漏掉冠词 the；在“whose＋名词”结构中一定不能加上冠词 the。
2．“名词/代词等＋介词＋关系代词”结构：有时“介词＋关系代词”前会出现不定代词(all, both, none, neither, many, few, the rest 等)、数词(分数、百分数等)及“the＋最高级/比较级”等，用来表示部分、数目等意义。
The football team has 15 members, the oldest of whom is 25 years old. 这个足球队有 15 名队员，其中最大的 25 岁。
Ⅰ.用“介词＋which/whom”完成下列句子 1．The injured, one of_whom is in a critical condition, have been treated in a nearby hospital. 2．The way in which one student studies might be quite different from that of another student. 3．Can you see the desk on which there is a book and two pens? 4．The man with whom I share the room is a young teacher from college. 5．He works in a factory, at the back of which there is a river. Ⅱ.用“介词＋关系代词”补全句子 1．Believe it or not, I don"t like the_way_in_which he spoke to me. 信不信由你，我不喜欢他对我讲话的方式。
2．He borrowed a book the other day, the_author_of_which
is a worker. 那天他借了一本书，书的作者是一名工人。
3．Thank you for your help, without_which we could not have finished the work on time. 感谢你的帮助，没有你的帮助我们不可能按时完成工作。
4．They arrived at a house, in_front_of_which sat a little boy. 他们到了一座房子，房前坐着一个小男孩。
5．The reason for_which I bought the roses is that Mary likes them. 我买玫瑰的原因是玛丽喜欢。
Ⅲ.句型转换 1．There used to be a time when the Chinese people struggled for freedom. →There used to be a time during which/in which the Chinese people struggled for freedom. 2．Don"t you want to explain the reason why you were late for the
important meeting? →Don"t you want to explain the reason for which you were late for the important meeting? 3．He lives in an old room, whose roof has been damaged in the storm. →He lives in an old room, the roof of which has been damaged in the storm. 4．We then moved to Paris where we lived for six years. →We then moved to Paris in which we lived for six years.