Unit 1 Living well LectureⅠ Key Words 1.ambition n. 雄心 Her ambition is the presidency. After several hours’ work, she had no ambition to go dancing. 词汇拓展 ambitious adj. 志向远大的; 有雄心壮志的;有野心的 be ambitious for (power/social position, etc.) 极欲获得(权力，社会地位等) be ambitious of success 渴望成功 be ambitious to 一心想…… The prince was attracted by the girl’s beauty, and ambitious to marry her. 2. beneficial adj. 有益的；
受益的 be beneficial to ... 对……有用/有好处/有益 A good diet is beneficial to one’s health. benefit n.利益；
实惠；
未来的好处 vt. 有益于，有助于 vi.(常与from，by连用)获益；
得益于 I have typed out some lecture notes for the benefit of those people who were absent last week. It’s said that yoga is of great benefit to human health. I did it for his benefit. The development of our country’s economy has benefited from the opening and reform policy. 3. adapt v. 使适应;改编 adapt (oneself) to sth. 适应某物 adapt ...to ... 使……适应…… adapt sth. from sth. 根据某事将……改编成…… be adapted from ... 由……改编 You should adapt yourself to the new environment. The makers adapted the cartoons film for children from the Russian original. 易混辨析：adapt/adopt/adjust adapt指“修改或改变以适应新条件”。
adopt 指“采用，采取；
收养；
正式通过”。
adjust指“调整，调节(使之适应)”。
介词填空: (1)The play is adapted _______ a novel. (2)This book is adapted _______ beginners. (3)When you go to a new country, you must adapt yourself ____ new customs. (4)Novels are often adapted ______ the stage, television and radio. (5)(2009.浙江高考) The good thing about children is that they ______easily to new environment. A. adapt B. adopt C.adjust D.appeal 4. conduct n. 行为 v. 指挥 The chairperson conducted the hearing. His conduct of the business was very successful. The curator conducted the visitors around the museum. 常用结构：
a bad conduct 恶劣行为 under the conduct of 在……指导(管理)下 conductor n. 领导者, 经理 5. absence n. 缺席；
不在 We did not receive any news during his long absence. 常用结构：
absence of mind 心不在焉 in one’s absence (from) 当某人不在的时候 in the absence of 缺乏…… I don’t agree to this decision as it was made in my absence. absent adj. 不在的；
缺席的 be absent from 缺席；
不在；
不存在；
缺少 be present at 出席；
到场 presence n. 出席；
到场 He had to make up the lessons he had missed as he had been absent from class for three weeks. Absence from work leads to deduct of payment. 6. resign v. 辞职；
委托；
把……交托给(to, into) 常用结构：
resign one’s position (as secretary) 辞去(秘书)职务 resign office 辞职 resign oneself to 听任(某种影响); 只好(做某事) resign oneself to one’s fate 听天由命 resign ... to... 把……托付给 In order to look after her sick mother, Mary decided to resign her position as a manager in the company. I resign my children to your care. LectureⅡ Key Phrases 1. in other words 换句话说 in a/one word意为“简言之，总之”，通常置于句首，有时也放在句中。
In a word, we must try our best to do the task. big words 大话 break/keep one’s word (promise)食言/诺言 eat one’s word 收回前言 have a word with 与……谈一谈 keep one’s word 遵守诺言 leave word 留言 word by word 按词序排列；
逐字逐句地 2. all in all 极其重要的；
重于一切的；
最关心；
最爱的；
从各方面考虑；
从各方面来说；
总的来说 All in all, her condition is greatly improved. in all总共 at all根本 after all毕竟；
别忘了（放句首时）
above all最重要, 首先 first of all首先 选择all in all/ in all/ at all/ after all/ above all或first of all并用其适当的形式填空 1) Don’t blame him too much. ________, he is a small child. 2) According to the survey, _______ there are nearly one million people in this small city out of work during the economic crisis. 3) I am glad to join you in this game, but ________ please allow me to introduce myself to you. 4) The parents didn’t worry about their daughter _______, for they believed she could succeed in getting the first prize. 5) When traveling abroad, _______, you need to prepare your passport. 6) There are many beautiful sentences in your article and its handwriting is good too. ________, I’m quite satisfied with it. 3. cut out 切掉,删掉 I cut this article out of the newspaper. cut down 砍倒; 削减,压缩 cut up 切/破碎 cut off 切断, 停掉;隔绝, 挡住 Deserts are also created because people cut down trees and dig up grass. The flood cut off their supplies. 4. in addition （常与to连用）此外 介词短语，作副词用，相当于词组as well，其后不能跟名词或其他任何成分，一般位于两个句子中间或置于句末。位于两个句子中间时，常用逗号与句子隔开。
There are many shops around the railway station. In addition, there are some newly built hotels there. Aunt Mary gave us sandwiches for our picnic and a bag of cookies in addition. in addition to是介词短语，其后接名词或代词等作其宾语，意义大体相当于as well as和 besides。
Lecture Ⅲ Key Structures 1. Does this disability make it difficult for them to do some things? It makes it possible for the earth to support so many people. Some students may think it difficult to learn English well. In fact, it isn’t. I found it impossible for him to work out the maths problem. I felt it a great honour to be invited to the party. 2.Just accept them for who they are, and give them encouragement to live as rich and full a life as you do. (1) You know nursing is ______ a way of life. A．as a much job as B．as much a job as C．as job a much as D．a job as much as (2) 他买的汽车跟我的那辆车一样贵。
He bought________________________ . 2. I have a very busy life with no time to sit around feeling sorry to myself. Lecture Ⅳ Exercises A..单词填空 1.This ___________(annoy)news made him so that he couldn＇t sleep all night. 2.I hope you will not disapprove of my choice because your _______________(approve) means a great deal to me. 3.Three films _____________(adapt) from her novels were popular with young people. 4._______________(abolish) the unfair treaty was no easy job，but they said they would never give up their efforts. 5.He is so _____________(ambition) that he wants to play at the highest level. 6.Please look after my house while I am ____________(absence) from home. 7.As we all know，fresh air is _____________ to our health and the new park benefits us all，so we should keep it clean. 8.The young assistant often ______________(assistance) us in preparing tools for experiments. 9.I＇m writing _______________(congratulation) Patrick Modiano on his being awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature. 10.Without his ______________(encourage) to me，I would have been defeated in the game. 11.Everyone is _____________( annoy)by the amount of traffic in the city. 12.His______________(absent) of mind during driving nearly caused an accident. 13.The children surrounded the teacher, ___________(listen)to her story. 14.__________________ (congratulate) to you on your success! 15.I have seen the film ______________ (adapt) from Mo Yan＇s novel. B. 用下列短语填空 in addition，never mind，in other words，sit around，cut out，out of breath，all in all，meet with 1.He always finds something to do；
he can＇t_________________. 2.He climbed to the top of the high building，_______________. 3._____________，he is a good student and he can do the work well. 4.—I＇m sorry I broke your vase. —______________.I can buy a new one. 5.While doing my homework,I______________a problem difficult to solve. 6.My uncle gave me some money.______________，he encouraged me to work harder. 7.He is buried in writing his novel，______________，he can＇t spare us even a minute to take a trip. 8.Look!This is an excellent article that I have_____________of the magazine. C.单项选择 1．E-mail, as well as telephones, ______ an important part in daily communication. A．is playing B．have played C．are playing D．play 2．She fulfilled her ______ to become the first woman to run the 10000 meters in 30 minutes. A．intention B．attempt C．attention D．ambition 3．Would you like there ______ a meeting to discuss the matter? A．being B．to be C．is D．be 4．The world will be different, and we will have to be prepared to ______ the change. A．adapt to B．adopt to C．apply to D．devote to 5．—How do you deal with the disagreement between the company and the customers? —The key ______ the problem is to meet the demand ______ by the customers. A．to solving; making B．to solving; made C．to solve; making D．to solve; made 6. Let’s _______ our personal feelings for now, and get to our business. A. set up B. set off C. set about D. set aside 7. I enjoyed the dishes at your birthday party last night，but the wine is not _____ to my taste. A．accessible B．beneficial C．suitable D．Valuable 8. Apart from being good at teamwork，he is tall，strong and athletic. _____，he is the best choice for the coming basketball match. A．All in all B．In addition C．After all D．By the way 9．For professional athletes, _____ to the Olympics means that they have a chance to enter the history books. A．appeal B．attachment C．access D．approach 10. American often say “There＇s no such thing as a free lunch.”________，everything costs something and everything has to be paid by someone. A．In addition B．As a result C．For instance D．In other words 11. The stable political and economical situation is considered ___ to the growth of town enterprises. A．effective B．beneficial C．beneficent D．efficient 12. Miss. Black _______ Beijing in a few days. Do you know when the earliest plane _______ on Sunday? A. is leaving; is taking off B. leaves; takes off C. is leaving; takes off D. leaves; is taking off D. 完形填空 I’ve loved my mother’s desk since I was just tall enough to see above the top of it as mother sat doing letters. Standing by her chair, looking at the ink bottle, pen, and white paper, I decided that the act of 36 must be the most 37 thing in the world. Years later, during her final illness, mother 38 different things for my sister and brother. “But the 39 ”, she said, “is for Elizabeth”. I never saw her angry, and never saw her cry. I knew she 40 me, she showed it in action. But 41 a young girl, I wanted heart-to-heart talks 42 mother and daughter. They never happened. And a gulf(深渊) opened between us. I was “too emotional”. 43 she lived “on the surface”. As years passed and I graduated from college, I loved my mother and I wrote to her in 44 words and asked her to let me know in any way she chose that she did 45 me. I posted the letter and waited for her answer. 46 came. My hope turned to 47 , then little interest, finally, peace --- it seemed that nothing happened. I couldn’t be sure that the 48 had even got to Mother. I only knew that I had written it, and I could 49 trying to make her into someone she was not. Now the 50 of her desk told me, as she’d 51 been able to, that she was 52 that writing was my chosen work. I 53 the desk carefully and found some papers 54 a photo of my father and a one-page letter, folded and refolded many times. “Give me an answer”, my letter asks, “in any way you chose”. Mother, you always chose the 55 that speaks louder than words. 36. A. speaking B. writing C. looking D. listening 37. A. wonderful B. tiring C. funny D. productive 38. A. bought B. gave C. designed D. kept 39. A. pen B. paper C. chair D. desk 40. A. loved B. disliked C. appreciated D. sympathized 41. A. like B. as C. be D. unlike 42. A. with B. among C. beside D. between 43. A. So B. And C. But D. Or 44. A. careful B. active C. thankful D. serious 45. A. ignore B. accept C. forgive D. dislike 46. A. No one B. None C. Something D. Neither 47. A. surprise B. joy C. disappointment D. happiness 48. A. ides B. information C. news D. letter 49. A. stand B. stop C. continue D. practice 50. A. present B. appearance C. shape D. sight 51. A. always B. ever C. never D. often 52. A. sorry B. encouraged C. regretful D. pleased 53. A. moved B. cleaned C. fixed D. emptied 54. A. inside B. outside C. below D. above 55. A. gesture B. method C. action D. way Unit 2 Robots LectureⅠ Key Words 1.desire n. 渴望 vt. 想要 常用结构：
desire sth. 渴望得到某物 desire to do sth. 希望/渴望做某事 desire that sb. (should) do 要求…… have a desire for sth./to do sth. 渴望得到某物/希望做某事 at one’s desire 照某人的希望 We all desire happiness and health. Everyone has a desire for success, but not everyone desires to get rich. He desires you to go to see him at once. =He desires that you should go to see him at once. 他要求你马上去见他。
1) I am filled with ___________ to go back home. 2) He ____________ us to leave soon. 3) They desire that you _________ (come) at once. 2. alarm n. 警报 vt. 使……惊恐 We were much alarmed by the fire in the forest. 常用结构：
give /raise the alarm 发警报 ring the alarm 敲警钟 sound the alarm 发警报; 吹警报号 take (the) alarm at 对……感到吃惊; 因……而惊恐 be alarmed at ... 被……吓一跳 As soon as he saw the smoke, he sounded the alarm. alarmed adj.（作表语）担心的，害怕的 alarming adj. 使人害怕的；
吓人的；
扰乱人心的 alarm(clock) 闹钟 a fire alarm 火警 a false alarm 虚惊一场 1) I gave the __________ as soon as I saw the smoke. 2) I’m rather __________ to hear that you’re planning to leave the company. 3) The pollution in Beijing is _____________. 3. accompany vt.陪伴 常用结构：
accompany sb. to a place 陪伴某人去某地 accompany sth. with/by sth. 与……同时存在 He accompanied his old father to the hospital to see what’s wrong with his stomach. be accompanied with/by （常用于被动语态）
与某事物同时存在或发生 Thunders accompanied by heavy rain in this season are very common. (1)I must ask you to ____________ me to the police station. (2)Strong winds ________________by heavy rain appeared at night. (3)His father asked him to avoid bad _____________. (4) I work in a small ____________. 4. envy n.&vt. 妒忌；
羡慕 envy sb. doing/for sth. 忌妒或羡慕某人做某事 with envy 羡慕地；
忌妒地 be the envy of 是令人羡慕/忌妒的事物 out of envy 出于妒忌 I envy you having such a good friend! They looked at her new car with envy. He was filled with envy of me at my success. They only say such unkind things about you out of envy. 联想拓展 envious adj. 羡慕的；
妒忌的 be envious of 妒忌……；
羡慕…… 5.satisfaction n. 满意 satisfy v. 使…满意 satisfied adj.感到满意的 satisfying/satisfactory adj. 令人满意的；
令人满足的 sb be satisfied with sth. sth satisfy sb Nothing ____________ him: he’s always complaining. Both he and I _______________ the result. That is a _______________ book. _________________ our customers is very important. To our ______, he finished the work ahead of time. 6.sympathy n.同情；
同情心 sympathize vi.同情，同感 sympathize with sb./sth.同情，赞同某人/某事 feel great sympathy for sb 对某人深为同情 in sympathy(with sb/sth) 对某事表示支持或赞同 It’s hard to __________ with her political opinions. I have some ____________with that point of view. I’m sure she will be in _____________ with your proposal. 7.favour n.喜爱；
恩惠；
帮助 vt.喜爱，偏袒；
促进 favourable adj.赞成的；
同意的；
嘉许的 favourite n.特别受喜爱的人或物；
adj.最喜欢的 win sb’s favour 获得某人的好感 in favour of sb/sth 赞成某人（某事物）
in sb’s favour 对某人有利 do sb a favour 帮助 I hope you will do me a __________. Are you _________________ this plan? May I ask a ____________ of you? We _____________ John’s plan. He is his uncle’s ______________. My _____________ sport is running. 8. declare v.宣布，声明，申报 declaration n. 宣布，宣言 Declaration of Independence 独立宣言 declare War 宣战 declare one’s interest 申报利益 The customs (海关) asked me if I had anything ______________. They ____________ him (to be) the winner. The president ___________ that the war was over. 9.state n. 州，国，情形 adj.国家的，正式的 v. 说，陈述，声明，规定 statement n.声明，陈述 the United States of America(USA)美国 state secrets 国家机密 state one’s views 说明自己的见解 She was in a terrible __________ when we arrived. My old grandfather was in a poor _______ of health. The police asked the man to make a ___________. He ______________ positively (肯定) that he had never seen the man. 10. talent n.才能，人才，天资 talented adj 有才能的；
有才干的；
天才的 talentless adj.无才能的；
无才干的；
平庸的 have/get a talent for sth.在....有天分 Have you got a ____________for painting? His brother is a painter of great ____________. His brother is a ____________ painter. 11. obey v.服从，听从 disobey v. 不服从；
违抗 obey orders 听从命令 obey the law 遵守法律 Anyone will be punished if he _________ the law. Solders must ________ orders. LectureⅡ Key Phrases 1. reach for 伸手碰到/去拿/够到…… He reached for his gun when he heard the enemy’s sound. He reached into his pocket for his keys. reach to 达到；
触到 within/out of/beyond one’s reach 在某人伸手可及/够不到的距离 2. test out 考验；
试验 This model had been tested out before it was put into production. Before the lecture, the professor is used to testing out the whole experiment. test on sb./sth. 在……(身上)做实验/试验 have/take a test in 参加……考试 3. ring up 打电话给…… On arriving at the airport, he rang up his mother to say everything was OK. ring back 回电话 ring off 挂断电话;停止讲话 ring a bell 唤醒(经常是模糊的记忆) ring up the curtain 开始(一场演出，一个事件或一次行动) I have to ring off now because my friend is waiting for me. 4. leave ...alone 不打扰 Leave him alone and he will produce. You shouldn’t have left Andy alone in the mountains, it was very dangerous. leave behind 留下,遗留 leave aside (把某事)搁置一边 leave for 出发前往 leave out 省去;遗漏;不考虑 He was asked to leave for another city in 24 hours. The teacher required us to leave out some unnecessary words in our essays. 5. set aside将……放到一边；
节省或保留（钱或时间）；
暂时不考虑 He set all offers aside. set down 记下，写下 set off 动身;爆炸 set out 出发；
开始做…… set up 创立，建立；
竖起 He set off for work. 6. turn around 转向 He heard a voice but when he turned around, he saw nobody. As he walked towards the hotel, he suddenly turned around and found an old lady following him. turn away 把(脸)转过去 turn against 背叛；
反抗 turn on/off 打开/关掉 turn up 出现;调大(音量) turn down 拒绝;调小(音量) turn out 结果是;证明是 7.be bound to ... 一定做 They are bound to take time to adapt to new life after graduation. Lecture Ⅲ Key Structures 1.Claire didn’t want the robot in her house, especially as her husband would be absent for three weeks, but Larry persuaded her that the robot wouldn’t harm her or allow her to be harmed. All these gifts must be mailed immediately so as to be received in time for Christmas. It remains to be seen whether Jim’ll be fit enough to play in the finals. 2. As she turned around, there stood Gladys Claffern. there stood Gladys Claffern为倒装句。在谓语为动词go, come, run, stand, live等表示位置转移的动词及be动词的句子中,为了强调句子中一些副词there, here, up, down, in, out, away等，可将副词置于句首，若这时主语是名词，句子用全倒装；
若是代词，则不用倒装。
There comes the teacher and her students. Out rushed the boys.男孩们冲了出去。
带有that 从句的结构有以下几种不同的搭配关系：
1）
it + be + adj / n . (noun phrase) / -ed +that(从句) 2）
it + seems / happens + that (从句) 如：it was clear that Claire had fallen in love with Tony . Is it true that he would take the tisk?( 疑问句式) It is a great satisfaction that she is well again and can go to her office . It is suggested that each student should sing a song in English at the party . It seems that they are in urgent need of help . 【翻译】 （1）
在那场大火中竟然无人受伤，真是令人奇怪。
。
（2）
他没有来参加晚会真是遗憾。
。
（3）
据说她是一名音乐天才。
。
Lecture Ⅲ Exercises A.用方框中所给的动词短语的正确形式填空。
leave sb alone turn around test out set aside ring up smooth away 1. How many people ___________ while I was out? 2. The model must _______________ before we put it into mass production. 3. ______________, I saw an old friend of mine, whom I haven’t seen for years. 4. She is very upset. ____________ for a few minutes. 5. It’s time for us ______________ our differences and work together for a common purpose. 6. There are still a few problems to be ____________ before we can complete the project. B. 完成句子。
1. 她陪朋友去听音乐会。
She ___________ her friend __ the __________. 2. 我真羡慕你的才能啊！ How I _________ you _____________! 3. 他们不断的讲她是如何的聪明时, 她觉得不好意思。
She _______ ____________ when they kept telling how clever she was. 4. 出于对无家可归的孩子们的同情, 他留他们过夜。
____ _____ _____________ for the homeless children, he gave them shelter for the night. 5. 运动使我的肌肉变得很结实。
Exercise _______ my muscles very ________. 6. 他解释了声音如何在水中传导。
He gave an ______________ of how ________ __________ in water. C. 根据所给提示，用本单元所学的单词完成句子。
1. We all __________ (desire) peace and happiness. 2. He ________ (pile) old paper in the corner of the room. 3. He ________ (scan) the horizon, looking for land. 4. They __________ (declare) the results of the election soon. 5. Tom and Jane want to get __________ (divorce). That means they intend to end their m___________. 6. The news that a lion escaped from the zoo _________ (alarm) the local people. 7. To his ______________ (满意), he passed the examination. 8. Flower arrangement is an ____________ (高雅的) art. 9. It is _________ (荒谬的) to believe that the number 13 brings bad luck. 10. He ________ (paint) the gate blue. 11. She is in bed with an __________ (可怕的,严重的) cold. 12. He told me to keep my word and I ________ (obey). C. 把下列短语填入每个句子的空白处（注意所填短语的形式变化）：
test out ring up turn around leave…alone set aside 1 Squirrels are considered to be good animals, for they can _________ nuts and foods in the trees for winter use. 2 You may ___________ Mr. Chow either on Saturday or Sunday. He is available at the weekend. 3 I _________ and suddenly found my Chinese teacher standing behind me. 4 I hope you just ________ him _______. He needs time to have a rest. 5 The robot is going to be __________ to see if it can really do the housework. Unit 3 Under the sea LectureⅠ Key Words and Phrases 1. annual （ pl--annuals）
adj. 每年的;一年的;[植物]一年生的 n. 年刊;一年生植物 Get an annual eye exam. What’s your annual salary? 2.witness n . 证据；
目击者，经常与介词to搭配。
witness to (doing/having done) sth. 证明某事；
证实做了某事 1)一位目击者告诉警方火是怎么开始烧的。
told the police how the fire started. 2)他目睹了公路上的那场事故。
He on the highway. 3)司机作证说，他看到此人进入那栋建筑物。
The driver ________________________ the man enter the building. 4)他身体健康证明这种疗法是成功的。
His good health is ____________________ of the treatment. 3.make accommodations for...为……提供膳宿 book accommodation at a hotel向旅馆预订房间 arrange sb.’s accommodation给某人安排住处 (1)我们今晚能找到旅馆住宿吗？ Can we at a hotel for tonight? (2)这家旅馆能容纳500人。
This hotel 500 guests. (3)这幢房子可容纳两家人居住。
The house can 4.opposite adj. 相对的；
相反的；
对面的 n．相反的人或物 adv.在对面地 prep.在……对面 opposite to...在……的对面；
与……相反 (1) 他转身朝着相反的方向走了。
He and walked (2) 杂货店在街对面。
The grocery store was _________________ . (3) 她相当文静，可她的妹妹正好相反。
She’s rather quiet，but her sister is ________________. (4) 吃饭的时候我坐在他的对面。
I sat ___________ during the meal. (5) 结果与我们所预料的正好相反。
The result was ___________ to what we had expected. 5. yell vi.&n 大叫；
呼喊 yell at... She let out a and ran home. 6．pause vi.&n. 暂停；
中止 pause for sth停下来做某事 (1)停顿一下后他继续说他的。
______________ he continued his story. (2)他暂时停下来呼吸了一下，然后继续上山。
He ___________________________，then continued up the hill. 7.teamwork 协作；
配合。
The success of this performance is largely __________________________ 8. flee from = escape from = run away from 逃离某地, 逃脱 The prisoner attempted to flee from the prison, but he failed . 9.depth “底层”，“深处”， the depth(s) of the ocean 海洋深处 the depth(s) of one’s heart 心灵深处 the depth(s) of despair 绝望的深渊 10.in the meantime表示“在这期间；
与此同时”， The meeting will begin in an hour; _____________________,let’s have a coffee. 11. urge vt. 催促；
极力主张；
驱策 urgent adj.急迫的 urgency n．敦促；
催促 urge sb. to do sth.催促/力劝某人做某事 urge that sb. (should) do sth.催促/力劝某人做某事 (1) 妻子力劝我申请那份工作。
My wife urged ______________________ for the job. (2) 她敦促我马上去买些蔬菜。
She urged me ________ some vegetables at once. She urged that I________ some vegetables at once. 12.abandon one’s post放弃职位 abandon the plan放弃计划 abandon a ship弃船 abandon one’s wife抛弃妻子 abandon oneself to纵情；
沉溺于 abandoned adj.无约束的；
无度的；
放荡的 这孩子被父母遗弃了。
The child by his parents. 我放弃了当医生的希望。I of being a doctor. 她陷入了绝望之中。She herself despair. 13.help out 帮助……（摆脱困境或危难）
他失业时，他妈妈给了他一些钱帮了他一把。
His mother when he lost his job. 孩子们经常在店里帮爸爸的忙。
The children often in their father’s shop. 14. have/has a very good relationship with sb = 这位语文老师和学生们的关系很好. The Chinese teacher . 15 target. 1）靶子;攻击的目标 2）. (欲达到的)目标,指标 3）. (批评,嘲笑的)对象[(+for/of)] 1）他未击中靶子。
2）他的目标是每周储蓄一百元。
His target $100 a week. 3）他的建议成了批评的目标。
His proposal became criticism. 16.dimension. 方面，度，维 (1) There is another dimension to this problem which you haven＇t mentioned. (2) 时间有时候被称作第四维。
Time is sometimes called _______________ 17 reflect vt.& vi. 反射（光、热、声或影像）;考虑 vt. 反射，反照;表达;显示;折转 vi. 映出;反射;深思熟虑;慎重表 reflection n．反射；
反照；
反映；
映像 reflect on/upon sth.思考某事 be lost in reflection陷入沉思中 他的脸映照在镜子里。
His face in the mirror. 这封信是否反映你真实的想法？ Does how you really think? White clothes are cooler because they (反射热量)． 18.be conscious of...发觉……，察觉到…… be aware of 知道，注意 aware adj. 意识到的；
知道的 be aware of/that...知道，意识到 ________ adj.不知道的，不注意的 __________ n．知道，晓得 用aware的适当形式填空 (3)It is high time that we should be fully ________ of the importance of selfprotection. (4)As is known to us all,health officials all over the world have tried to make people raise _________about AIDS. (5)Tom seemed ________ of the trouble he had caused，otherwise he would have stopped it. 20. vivid adj. 生动的;（记忆、描述等）清晰的; （人的想像）丰富的;（光、颜色等... 最高级:most vivid;比较级:more vivid 我对那个夏天的最生动的记忆就是海洋。
My of that summer is the ocean. The actresses were wearing vivid historical costumes. This girl gave a vivid description of the event. 21. narrow adj.狭窄的；
有限的；
狭隘的；
狭义的；
v.(使)变窄，缩小 narrowly adv.狭窄地；
勉强地 a narrow escape九死一生 a narrow victory险胜 in a narrow sense在狭义上 narrow down缩小(范围等) 那真是千钧一发，我们很幸运。
That was ，and we were lucky. 22.upside down “上下颠倒的(地)，乱七八糟的(地)” inside out “(穿)反了,倒悬,乱七八糟地” (1) The office is being decorated, so everything is____ . (2) 你把那张图片给弄颠倒了. You have got _____________________ (3) 不要把那个盒子倒着拿. Don’t hold___________________. scare .vt. 使惊恐，惊吓;使害怕，使恐惧;把…吓跑 vi. 受惊吓;感到害怕 n. 惊恐，惊吓;恐惧;恐慌 scare sb 把…吓跑 scare sb. to death “ 吓死某人了” sb be scared to death 某人吓死了” be scared to do sth /of doing sth “害怕干某事” =be to do sth /of doing sth 她不敢(害怕)坐飞机. She ________________ in a plane . Lecture Ⅱ Exercises 请根据各句上下文的意义，选择正确的单词填入空白处。
A.vivid, Antarctic, abandon, lip, tongue, seal, anecdote, cell, annual, awesome, beauty 1 The __________ is the coldest continent in the world. 2 Those English tourists so struck by the _________ of nature that they decided to stay here for two days more. 3 When you pronounce this vowel, you should round your _________. 4 In this book you will read lots of _________ about some famous scientists. 5 What an _________ sight it is! You cannot afford to miss it. 6 He was locked in a ________ of the prison, for he was declared guilty. 7 The Chinese language is our mother ________. 8 We meet once a year to hold an _________ meeting. 9 The letter of recommendation bore(盖) the headmaster’s ________ and was effective. 10 He is giving a __________ description of his life as a fighter pilot. We are all ears. 11 When the war broke out, all the villagers had to _________ their lands and property and left their hometown. B. net, yell, narrow, shore, witness, rent, relationship, cave, pension, accommodation, poisonous 12 The past 20 years has __________ great changes in Shenzhen. 13 Old Wang lives on a ________, which comes to about 1,500 yuan per month. 14 Those mushrooms are __________. You will die if you eat them. 15 Since our first meeting, Xiao Lin and I have established a beautiful __________. 16 I have got a well-paid job with that company. Besides, ___________ and meals are included. 17 The fisherman cast his _________ a third time but this time he drew in a boot instead of a fish. 18 Don’t enter that dark __________. There may be some fierce animals hidden inside it. 19 With the housing prices rising the __________ of a house also goes up. 20 Seeing the boy climbing up to the top of the tall tree, he _________, “be careful!” 21 Because the boat was turned upside down by big waves, he had no choice but to swim to the _________quickly. 22 This road is too _________ for two cars to go side by side. It needs widening. C.shallow, entry, magic, pack, dimension, flee, pure, depth, drag, sharp, reflect, tasty 23 We measured the __________ of the swimming pool It is 10 meters long, 8 meters wide and 2 meters deep. 24 I was almost scared to death at the sight of a _________ of wolves approaching me. 25 The meeting is due to begin at 9:00 p.m. _________. 26 Before I decide, I need time to _________. 27 The smugglers (走私者)was caught trying to _________ the country. 28 Mother served a few _________ dishes and they were eaten up quickly. 29 This watch is made of ________ gold. It is really invaluable. 30 He took great trouble to _________ a heavy chest(箱子) from under the bed. 31 There are not many fish in this river, for it is very _________. 32 It was a __________ moment when the two sisters were reunited after 30 years. 33 We don’t think much of his idea, for it lacks _________. 34 In Shenzhen _________ to any park is free of charge. D.ahead of help (sb.) out be/become aware of (be) scared to death in the meantime upside down 1 Hearing the terrifying news, nothing could have stopped me from feeling __________. 2 Being a qualified architect, he always finishes his project _________ time. 3 After the family party, the children fell happily into bed, __________, parents were still working with the disorder in the house. 4 On arriving at the theme park, the first thing that I __________ was its vivid colors and wise-looking buildings. 5 The artist remarked that painting was of a unique style. But in truth, it was hanging _________ on the wall. 6 He didn’t listen to you and now is in trouble. Anyway, only you can ________ him ________ of the difficulty. Unit4 Sharing Lecture Ⅰ Key Words and Phrases 1．concept n. 观念；
概念 2．relevant adj. 有关的；
贴切的；
恰当的 be relevant to= have sth. to do with 与……有关 The meeting is relevant to the matter in hand. In the exams, make sure that everything you write is relevant to the questions you have been asked. It is a great honour for me to tell you some information relevant to the local life. When I am faced with a difficulty，I usually choose to refer to relevant learning materials or Web pages. 联想拓展 relevance n.关联；
相关性 have relevance to与……有关 be irrelevant to 与…无关 have no relevance to=have nothing to do with与……无关 What you say has no relevance to the subject.你所说的与主题无关。
表示“和……有关”的相关短语：
be related to be connected with be concerned with be linked to be associated with be involved in have something to do with 3．adjust vt.&vi. ①(使)适应；
(使)校准；
(使)调整 ②整理；
使有条理 She carefully adjusted her clothes and her hair before going out. adjust(oneself) to (doing) sth (使某人)适应(做)某事 adjustment n.[C]&[U]调整；
调节 make an adjustment/adjustments to 调整……(以适应……) adjustable adj. 可调节的；
可调整的 4．participate vi. (与in连用)参与；
参加 Use an effective teaching style that allows people to participate in their learning. 易混辨析 participate in/attend/join/take part in/join in participate in 正式用语，表示参加，参与。强调与他人共同参加某一活动，暗示以一种积极的态度参加。
attend 正式用语，一般用于指参加会议，出席典礼或招待会等，也可以指上学，听课，听演讲或讲座等。
join 常用词，作及物动词；
通常指参加某组织或团体，并成为其中的一员，其宾语往往是the army/party/team/club等。
take part in 指参加群众性的活动，侧重说明主语参加该项活动并在其中发挥一定的作用。part 前若有修饰语，要用不定冠词。如take (an active) part in school/activities。
join in 参加正在进行的活动，其宾语一般是竞赛、娱乐、谈话、讨论、聚会、游戏等名词，可以用于join in (doing) sth./join sb. in (doing) sth. 结构中。
join/join in/take part in/attend/participate in ①They all the plot. ②At the age of eighteen, he the party. ③The children the English Evening and had a good time. ④He didn’t school yesterday because of his illness. ⑤Zhou Enlai the student movements actively when he was at school. 5．otherwise conj. 否则；
不然 adv. 用别的方法；
其他方面 Otherwise，you may have problems such as red eyes，pain in the eyes，or a more serious condition. 6．privilege n. 特权；
荣幸 Having been born to privilege in old Hollywood，she was carrying on a family tradition by acting. 7．donate v. 捐赠；
捐献 She is willing to donate money to a worthy cause. (1)donate...to... 把……捐给…… 同义短语：subscribe to，donate to，contribute to等。
(2)donation n. 捐款；
捐赠 donor n. 捐赠者；
输血者 8．voluntary adj. 自愿的；
志愿的；
无偿的 We run the meals－on－wheels service on a voluntary basis. 9．distribute vt. 分配；
散布；
分开 distribution n. 分配；
分发 10．operate vi. ①操作；
运转 ②起作用；
奏效 ③(常与on连用)动手术；
开刀 vt. ①操作；
开动 ②经营③对……动手术 For most people，it＇s almost impossible to operate a computer without a mouse... operation n. [C] &[U]①操作；
工作；
运转 ②手术 ③作战(行动) operator n. [C]话务员；
操作员；
经营者；
企业主 11．hear from 接到……来信 12．(be) dying to 极想；
渴望 13．the other day 不久前的一天 14．dry out (使浸水之物等) 完全变干；
干透 15．dry up (指河流、井等) 干涸 16．in need 在困难中；
在危急中 17. make any (a) difference to 对……有任何关系或影响；
对……起作用 It makes a difference which you choose. Your support will certainly make a difference in our cause. make no/a little/much/some difference 没有/有一点/有很大的/有一些差别 tell the difference between 说出……的差别 make a difference between 区分…… 18. stick out (of sth.) =stick sth. out of 伸出；
突出 Don’t stick your arm out of the car window. stick out for 坚持索取；
坚决要求 stick at 坚持不懈 stick together 团结在一起；
站在一起 stick to 坚持；
忠于 stick up 向上突起；
竖起 stick up for 支持；
维护 Lecture Ⅱ Key Structures 1. To be honest, I doubt whether I’m making any difference to these boys’ life. 2. We walked for two and a half hours to get there -- first up a mountain to a ridge from where we had fantastic views. 3. The gift you give is not something you loved one keeps but a voluntary contribution towards the lives of people who really need it . Lecture Ⅲ Exercises 1．____(前几天)，I _______ (收到来信) one of my former teachers inviting me to his wedding anniversary. 2．____(说实话), I _________________________________________ (极想参加) the activity. 3．We should _______________________________(认识到) the importance of protecting the environment. 4．They ___________ (自愿帮助) the poor and the old. 5．能和你们一起学习真是一种荣幸。
6．要是他无法适应目前的生活怎么办？ 7．阅读时，没必要查你遇到的每个生词。
8．正是那个抱着熟睡的孩子的年轻妇女目睹了这起交通事故。(with复合结构) Ⅲ. 话题写作 用本单元所学知识完成下列句子，并按照逻辑连成短文。
1．我的姐姐非常渴望志愿者活动，她去了遥远的(remote)山村参加志愿者活动。
2．她为这次活动做好了准备。否则的话，她就在一家公司做文秘工作（paperwork）了。
3．妈妈担心她是否能够适应独自生活在遥远的山村。
4．前几天她告诉我们，在她看来，做志愿者工作不是一种负担，而是一件荣耀的事情。
5．她把她所拥有的一切都捐给了那些需要帮助的人。
二、 把下列短语填入每个句子的空白处（注意所填短语的形式变化）：
hear from be dying to do come across stick out dry out dry up in need 1. Don’t _______ your head ________ of the car window. 2. I _________ this old vase and bought it for $ 200. 3. During the drought (干旱), the river _________. 4. Water the plant regularly, never letting the soil _________. 5. I haven’t _________ Jane for long. I don’t know what has happened to her. 6. Help those who are _________and that will be rewarding. 7 .Those students ___________ know the results of the College Entrance Examination. Unit 5 Travelling abroad Lecture 1 Key Words 1. qualification n. 资格; 资历 What qualification is needed to do this work? 习惯搭配：be qualified for sth. 有……的资格；
胜任…… a qualification certificate 资格证书 one’s academic qualification 学历 2. recommend vt. 推荐; 建议 Xie Lei highly recommends it. “The preparation course is most beneficial, ”she said. recommend sb. sth. =recommend sth. to sb. 向某人推荐某物 recommend sb. for sth. 推荐某人当…… recommend sb. to do sth. 建议某人做某事 recommend doing sth. 建议做某事 recommend that sb. (should) do sth. 建议某人做某事 He recommended reading the book before seeing the movie. 3. comfort n. 舒适；
安慰 vt.安慰; discomfort n.不便之处 vt.使不安; comfortable adj.舒适的；
惬意的; uncomfortable adj.不舒服的;不安的 When I miss my family, it’s a great comfort to have a substitute family. 习惯搭配：live in comfort 生活舒适；
be a comfort (to sb.)是令人宽慰的人或事 I tried to comfort him after he was ill. 4. substitute n. 代替者; 代用品；
v. 替代 It’s a great comfort to have a substitute family to be with. substitute A for B 用A代替B substitute for… 代替；
（=take the place of）
Since I’ve got a pile of things to attend to, can you substitute for me at the meeting？ 5. acknowledge vt. 承认; 确认; 答谢 I couldn’t write what other people had said without acknowledging them. acknowledge…as／to be…承认……为…… acknowledge (doing) sth. 承认做过某事 acknowledge that + 宾语从句 It is universally acknowledged that+主语从句 人们普遍认为 6. contradict vt. 反驳；
反对；
与……矛盾；
contradiction n.矛盾，反驳，对立；
contradictory adj. 互相矛盾的 Finally he even encouraged me to contradict the authors I’d read! contradict oneself自相矛盾 be in contradiction to/with与……不一致 What he said contradicts the facts.他所说的话与事实矛盾。
7. occupy vt.占有；
占领；
占据(take up, hold, fill, take /have the possession of) I have been so occupied with work that I haven’t had time for social activities. keep sb. occupied使某人忙碌 occupy oneself with／in (doing) sth.忙于(做)某事 be occupied with sth.／in doing sth.忙于(做)某事=be busy with sth./in (doing sth.) The speeches occupied three hours (占去了三小时). 8. abundant adj.丰富的, 充裕的；
abundance n.大量；
丰富 Peru has abundant plants from desert grass to vast areas of jungle. be abundant in=be rich in富有…… in abundance 大量（in large quantities）
an abundance of大量的 (a large quantity of) The country is abundant in natural resources. 9. adjust to 适应；
调节 How difficult do you think it is to adjust to the customs of another country? adjust oneself to sth.使自己适应…… adapt oneself to sth. 使自己适应…… It took her a while to adjust to living alone after the divorce. 10. fit in (with) (和……)相适应/相融合 When he first went to the United States, he found it hard to fit in. The girl found it difficult to fit in with the new school life. 11. out of the question不可能的；
不值得讨论的 Without your help, finishing the task ahead of time would be out of the question. 比较：out of question毫无疑问 He is out of question the top student in his class. It’s out of the question to buy a new car now because we have run out of all the money. 12. keep it up保持优秀成绩；
继续干下去 If you’re a eating a healthy diet，keep it up. Well done! Keep it up! They sang songs to keep their spirits up. keep up维持，保持；
继续下去 keep one’s word/promise信守诺言 keep a record保持纪录 keep fit保持健康 keep in touch with...与……保持联系 keep up (with sb./sth.)跟上，不落在……后面 keep...out of不使……入内；
不惹事 keep sth. in mind把……记在心里 keep one’s balance保持平衡 keep away from避免接近，远离 keep hold of...抓住…… keep an eye on sth.注意看守某物；
照看某物 keep to sth 坚持；
信守 即学即用——用keep的相关短语填空 (1) The rain _____________ all afternoon. (2)________________ the edge of the cliff. (3)Wages are not _____________________inflation. (通货膨胀) (4)We’ve asked the neighbors to the house for us while we are away. (5)Try to between work and relaxation. (6)Though things changed，they (坚持；
信守) the original purpose. (7)We asked her to stop talking，but she (继续干下去). (8)把你的狗弄出我房间。____________________________________! Lecture 2 Key Structures 1. I had to learn how to use the phone, how to pay bus fare, and how to ask a shopkeeper for things I didn’t know the English for. 我必须学会怎样使用电话 在公共汽车上怎样付车费, 并且叫店主拿那些我不会用英语表达的东西。(B7 P38) 句型：主语+谓语+疑问词+to do sth.；
how to do sth. 如何做某事 Students should be taught how to learn more effectively. 应该教学生如何更有效地学习。
2. Besides, as far as he was concerned, what other people thought was not the most important thing. 此外,他认为别人的想法并不是最重要的。(B7 P38) 本句型用来引出个人的观点与看法, 在写作中非常实用。as far as sb. / sth. be concerned就……而言/所知/看来 As far as I am concerned, I completely support your idea. 就我而言，我完全支持你的想法。
一、 复习非限制性定语从句 1. 从形式上看，非限制性定语从句与先行词(被定语从句修饰的名词或代词)之间有逗号。
从功能上看，非限制性定语从句对先行词起着补充说明的作用，如果去掉从句，不会影响到整个主句的意思。
Revise the differences between restrictive and non－restrictive attributive clauses. 2．Revise the usage of non－restrictive attributive clauses. 引导非限制性定语从句的关系代词有as，which，who, whom，whose等，作定语从句的主语、宾语、表语及定语。关系副词有when，where等，作定语从句的状语。关系代词和关系副词在定语从句中一般不能省略。
(1)which引导的非限制性定语从句来说明前面整个句子的情况或主句的某一部分，that不能用于引导非限制性定语从句。
Her house，which was built a hundred years ago，stood still in the earthquake. (2)当先行词是专有名词或被物主代词和指示代词所修饰时，其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的。
Charles Smith，who was my former teacher，retired last year. (3)as，which引导指代主句内容的非限制性定语从句时，表依据、评论与表事实、状态等没有多大差别，用在主句末时，有时可以通用。
He is quite pleased，as /which can be seen from his face。
但是，上面句中把定语从句置于主句句首时，就只能用as。
(4)“n./pron./num.＋prep.＋ which”定语从句 China has thousands of islands，the largest of which is Taiwan. 四、巩固练习 I. 完成句子 1. _________________(就我而言), the most important thing is that she has got to understand what I mean. 2. It’s high time he ____________(安顿下来) the city and started a new life. 3. The waiters in the restaurant are often told to be friendly so as to make every guest ___________( 舒服自在). 4. Some animals ________(适应) themselves ________ their environment by instinct. 5. I am never ______________(习惯于) going to bed so late. 6. I’ll try to _______ my holidays ________(相融和) with yours. 7. If only she could __________(坚持不懈), she could break the world record. 8. Lisa goes to a ___________(旅行代办人) to find out the best way to travel to Peru. II．词形变换（用所给词的适当形式填空）
1.–Are you sure he is _________ to drive a car? –Yes. He got his driving __________ before he _________ as a teacher. (qualification) 2. As many _______ people have proved, hard work leads to _______. Therefore, if you want to _______, keep working hard and never give up. I believe you will finish it ___________. (succeed) 3. The whole family are busy ________ for the wedding party for there are lots of _________ to do. (preparation) 4. A good book can be a great ________ when you feel upset. You will feel _______ when reading one, even if you have got no one to _________ you. (comfort) 5. He is trying his best to do as he is ___________ though he thinks it hard to meet the ___________. (requirement) 6. The boy who is _________ the plane is going _________ for further education. (board) 7. ________, we can complete the project on time. However, our boss asked us to work extra hours, ________ that we can finish it ahead of time. (hopefully) 8. A _______ is the group of people who are responsible for ________ a country or state. (govern) III. 单项选择题 1.A fast food restaurant is the place ______，just as the man suggests，eating is performed quickly. A．which B．where C．there D．what 2. York，______ last year，is a nice old city. A．that I visited B．which I visited C．where I visited D．in which I visited 3. Anyway，that evening，______ I＇ll tell you more about later，I ended up staying at Rachle＇s place. A．when B．where C．what D．which 4. Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase，______ was very reasonable. A．which price B．the price of which C．its price D．the price of whose 5. The journey around the world took the old sailor nine months，______ the sailing time was 226 days. A．of which B．during which C．from which D．for which IV. Fill in the blanks with the proper relative pronouns/adverbs. 1. That tree，______ branches are almost bare，is very old. 2. I＇m taking some weight－loss pills，______ are quite popular here. 3. Jim changed his mind，______ made me very angry. 4. After living in Paris for fifty years he returned to the small town，______ he grew up as a child. 5. I have many friends，some of ______ are businessmen. 6. Madam Curie，for ______ life had been very hard early in her life，was the first person in the world to receive two Nobel Prizes. 7. ______is known to everybody，the moon travels round the earth once every month. 8. We will be shown around the city：schools，museums，and some other places，______other visitors seldom go. V. 教材与微写作 写作素材(关于出国) 1．就我而言，我推荐年轻人出国学习。
2．普遍认为，出国学习可以获得丰富的经验。（请使用It is acknowledged that...等）
3．起初，他们可能会忙于适应新的生活方式。
4．我相信，他们很快就会安顿下来。
5．他们会感觉如在家里一样舒适。
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