Section Ⅴ Developing ideas & Other parts Ⅰ.课标单词 1.单词拼写 ①root /ruːt/n.根 ②link /lɪŋk/v.把……联系起来;连接 ③centimetre /ˈsentɪˌmiːtə/n.厘米 ④fungal /ˈfʌŋɡ(ə)l/adj.真菌的 2.根据英文释义选词填空 myth wasp pesticide fungus cybercrime ①cybercrime:the illegal use of computers and the Internet ②myth:a story from ancient times, especially one that was told to explain natural events or to describe the early history of a people;this type of story ③wasp:a black and yellow flying insect that can sting ④pesticide:a chemical used for killing pests, especially insects ⑤fungus:a plant that has no flowers, leaves, or green colouring, such as a mushroom or a toadstool 3.词汇拓展 ①legend /ˈledʒ(ə)nd/n.传说,传奇(故事)→legendary/ˈledʒəndri/adj.传奇的;传说的;非常著名的 ②detect /dɪˈtekt/v.发现,察觉(尤指不易觉察到的事物)→detection/dɪˈtekʃn/n.侦查;察觉;发现→detective/dɪˈtektɪv/n.警探;(私人)侦探 Ⅱ.情境词块 1.give advice to给……建议 2.communicate with与……交流 3.after all毕竟,终究 4.get attacked by被……袭击 5.tiny amounts of微量的…… 6.drive...away驱赶…… 7.in some ways 在某些方面上 8.link...to...把……与……连接起来 9.share...with...与……分享…… 10.steal sth. from...从……中偷某物 11.have...in common有……共同点 12.side by side 肩并肩地;并排地 Ⅲ.情境佳句 1. 句型公式 sb. be said to do sth. 教材原句 Alexander the Great and Marco Polo were said to have visited such a tree in India. 尝试翻译 据说亚历山大大帝和马可·波罗曾在印度见过这样一棵树。
2. 句型公式 It has been+过去分词+that... 教材原句 It has been known for some time that plants use chemicals to communicate with each other. 尝试翻译 人们早就知道植物利用化学物质相互交流。
3. 句型公式 call+宾语+宾语补足语 教材原句 Scientists call this system the“wood wide web”. 尝试翻译 科学家们称这个系统为“植物万维网”。
4. 句型公式 way后接定语从句 教材原句 Scientists are learning more every day about the secret ways in which plants talk to each other. 尝试翻译 科学家们每天都在学习更多关于植物相互交谈的秘密方式。
Ⅰ.文本理解 Step 1 Reading for the main idea. What is the main idea of the text? A.The main characteristics of plants. B.The communication ways of plants. C.The myths and legends about plants. D.The communication between people and plants. 答案 B Step 2 Reading for the structure.
Fill in the following blanks with proper words. The Secret Languages of Plants Modern research is showing that plants can 1.communicate. Using chemicals ·The plant releases chemicals 2.from the leaves that are being eaten. ·When another plant detects the chemicals, it starts to 3.release its own, different chemicals. Using sound ·Some plants make noises 4.with their roots. ·A chilli plant can 5.tell if a neighbouring plant is helpful, or unfriendly. Some trees make 6.clicking noises when there is not enough water, indicating drought is arriving. Using the “wood wide web” ·This fungal network links the roots of different plants to each other. ·Plants can 7.share information and even food with each other. ·Plants can 8.steal food from each other, or spread poisons to attack other plants. Step 3 Reading for the details.
Choose the best answer according to the text. 1.What＇s the purpose of speaking of the film Avatar? A.To tell some modern film stories. B.To introduce the topic of the text. C.To attract the readers to seeing the film. D.To explain that the trees can talk with people and animals. 答案 B 2.Why do scientists want to learn more about the plant warning system? A.To protect the plants. B.To grow crops without pesticides. C.To protect the natural environment. D.To use chemicals to communicate. 答案 B 3.How do chillies make noises? A.By using their roots. B.By moving their leaves. C.By releasing chemicals. D.By making clicking noises. 答案 A 4.Which sentence uses the same figure of speech as the wood wide web has its own version of “cybercrime”? A.New research has revealed something amazing. B.Some of these chemicals drive insects away. C.People can＇t hear plants＇ sounds, but plants are making them. D.Plants can steal food from each other. 答案 D 学会学习 拟人化意味着把人类的特征赋予不是人类的东西。
通过利用人类的特征来描述一个物体、动物甚至一个地方,可以使描述更加生动。
Ⅱ.难句突破 1.[图解难句] [自我分析]这是一个主从复合句,其中with的复合结构在句中作让步状语,believing后接的that从句在句中作宾语,主句部分为主系表结构;appears后的that引导表语从句。
[尝试翻译] 我们一直认为会说话的植物只存在于幻想之中,但新研究有了令人惊奇的发现:植物间似乎确实可以交流。
2.[图解难句] [自我分析]这是一个主从复合句,其中when引导时间状语从句,主句部分为主谓宾结构,现在分词短语indicating...在句中作状语,其后接省略that的宾语从句。
[尝试翻译] 有些树木在水分不足时会发出咔嗒声,以示干旱就要来了。
Ⅲ.文本复述 Step 1 Question Answering
根据课文内容回答下列问题。
1.What has the new research revealed about plants? The new research has revealed that it appears that plants can communicate. 2.How can plants communicate with each other? Plants use chemicals and sound to communicate. They also use the wood wide web to communicate. 3.How is the wood wide web linked underground? The wood wide web is linked underground by fungi. 4.What can plants do using the wood wide web? Using the wood wide web, plants can share information and even food with each other. Step 2 Text Retelling 将以上句子连成一篇语言流畅、用词准确、逻辑严密的60词左右的短文。
The new research has revealed that it appears that plants can communicate. Plants can not only use chemicals but also use sound to communicate. Besides, they can also use the wood wide web to communicate, which is linked underground by fungi. Using the wood wide web, plants can share information and even food with each other. 板块一 语言知识 1.Alexander the Great and Marco Polo were said to have visited such a tree in India.据说亚历山大大帝和马可·波罗曾在印度见过这样一棵树。(教材P56) 语言点1 句型公式:sb. be said to do... 情境探究 ①In Stephen Hawking＇s case, it was discovered that he was a brilliant scientist.在斯蒂芬·霍金的例子中,我们发现他是一位杰出的科学家。
②It is said that a large number of paper-cutting works by experts throughout China will be on show, and some of them are made by famous artists. 据说,全中国的专家们创作的大量的剪纸作品将被展出,并且其中一些是由著名的艺术家创作的。
③People say that lightning never strikes twice in the same place.据说闪电从来不会在同一个地方重复出现。
归纳拓展 (1)常用于该句型的过去分词有said、thought、reported、believed、supposed、considered、discovered等。
(2)该句型可以转换为“It is/was+过去分词+that从句”或“People say/think...+that从句”。
学以致用 (1)单句填空 ①It is noticed (notice) that a chief editor or advisor who leads the activity is needed. ②This book is reported to have been translated (translate) into many different languages. (2)一句多译 有人说,温室气体是导致全球变暖的主要原因。
③It is said that greenhouse gases are the main cause of global warming. ④People say that greenhouse gases are the main cause of global warming. ⑤Greenhouse gases are said to be the main cause of global warming. 2.It has been known for some time that plants use chemicals to communicate with each other.人们早就知道植物利用化学物质相互交流。(教材P56) 语言点2 communicate with 与……交流 情境探究 ①He refused to communicate with others, even the family members.他拒绝与他人交流,甚至是家人。
②You can communicate the power of enthusiasm to anyone who needs it.你可以把激情的力量传递给每一个需要的人。
③Good communication skills include learning body language. 良好的沟通技巧包括学会使用肢体语言。
④I will be in communication with the police about this matter.关于这件事我将和警察沟通。
归纳拓展 (1)communicate sth. to sb.把……传达给某人 (2)communication n.传达;通信;交流 in communication with sb.与某人交流/沟通 学以致用 (1)单句填空 ①This non-stop communication (communicate), the experts think, has made it easier for British people and Americans to understand each other. ②The radio stations communicated the storm warning to the islanders. (2)单句写作 ③会说一种以上的语言可以让人们与他人更容易交流。
Speaking more than one language allows people to communicate with others more easily. 3.The plant releases tiny amounts of chemicals from the leaves that are being eaten.这棵植物正在遭受啃食的叶子会释放出微量的化学物质。(教材P56) 语言点3 tiny amounts of 微量的…… 情境探究 ①We＇ve had an enormous amount of help from people. 我们得到了人们的大力帮助。
②The server is designed to store huge amounts of data. 该服务器是为存储大量数据设计的。
③At the start of this year, foreigners living in Italy amounted to 4.56 million. 今年年初,居住在意大利的外国人总计456万。
归纳拓展 (1)amount n.数量,数额;金额 a large/great amount of+n.大量的……(作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式) large amounts of+n.大量的……(作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式) the amount of+n. ……的数量(作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式) (2)amount vi.总计 amount to sth.等于;总计 学以致用 (1)单句填空 ①A large amount of money is spent (spend) on advertisements every year. ②It is reported that large amounts of money were spent (spend) repairing the bridge. ③The amount of sleep we need varies (vary) from person to person. ④The fall of rain last month amounted to seven inches. (2)单句写作 ⑤(2019课标全国Ⅲ)今天8或10美元似乎是一笔小钱,但当时这些数额对大多数公民而言是令人生畏的。
Today $8 or $10 seemsa small amount of money, but at that time these amounts were forbidding to most citizens. 4.Some of these chemicals drive insects away.其中一些化学物质能驱赶昆虫。(教材P56) 语言点4 drive...away驱赶;驱车离开;驾车送走 情境探究 ①Someone drove the car away in the night. 有人夜里把车开走了。
②Don＇t stop─drive on! 不要停——继续往前开! ③New fashions drive out old ones. 新款式服装使旧的款式不再流行。
④All those children running around the house drove me crazy. I had to go for a walk.那些孩子都在屋里到处乱跑,真使我抓狂。我不得不出去走一走。
⑤That driver drove the car up the ramp.那司机将车开上了斜坡。
归纳拓展 drive off驱车离去;驶去;击退;赶走 drive on驱车继续行驶 drive sb./sth. out (of sth.) 驱散;消除;使停止 drive sth. up/down抬高(或压低);使上升(或下跌) drive sb. crazy/mad 把人逼得发疯/发狂 drive through驾(车)穿过…… 学以致用 (1)单句填空 ①The girls hurried outside, climbed into the car, and drove off/away. ②In the morning, the wind rose and drove the dark clouds out of the sky. ③The shortage of bread will probably drive prices up. ④From Simao we drove southward through the mountains towards Jinghong. (2)单句写作 ⑤整天做这种不用动脑筋的工作会使我发疯的。
Doing this mindless work all day is going to drive me crazy/mad. 5.Most surprisingly of all, plants have an amazing system of communication that can link nearly every plant in a forest.最令人惊讶的是,植物有一套惊人的交流系统,几乎可以连接起森林中的每一种植物。(教材P56) 语言点5 link v.把……连接起来;联系;挽住;钩住 情境探究 ①This old Silk Road linked China with/to the West in ancient times.这条古老的丝绸之路在古时候把中国和西方连接了起来。
②Most scientists accept that climate change is linked to/with carbon emissions. 大多数科学家相信气候变化与碳排放有关。
③The two spacecraft will link up in orbit. 两艘宇宙飞船将在轨道上对接。
④Police suspect there may be a link between the two murders. 警方怀疑那两桩凶杀案可能有关联。
归纳拓展 (1)link A to/with B 把A和B连接起来;说明A和B有联系 link A and B (together)把A和B连接起来 link up (with sb./sth.)(与……)连接,结合;使结合 (2)link n.联系;连接;关系;纽带;(链状物的)环,节,圈;链接 学以致用 (1)赏句猜义 ①The two girls linked arms as they strolled down the street. 挽住 ②Newspapers have linked his name with the singer. 说明A和B有联系 ③The video cameras are linked to a powerful computer. 连接到 ④Social customs provide a vital link between generations. 纽带,关系 ⑤To visit similar websites to this one, click on the links at the bottom of the page. 链接 (2)单句填空 ⑥A common wall links the house to/and/with its neighbour. ⑦The bands have linked up for a charity concert. 6.Scientists are learning more every day about the secret ways in which plants talk to each other.科学家们每天都在学习更多关于植物相互交谈的秘密方式。(教材P57) 语言点6 句型公式:way后接定语从句 情境探究 ①The way (that/which) he told us was quite simple. 他告诉我们的那个方法很简单。
②What surprised me was not what he said but the way (that/in which) he said it. 令我吃惊的不是他说的话而是他说话的方式。
③We＇ll have to think of a way of solving the problem. 我们必须想出解决问题的方法。
归纳拓展 way作“方式,方法”讲时,后接定语从句时有两种情况: (1)当way 后面的定语从句缺少方式状语时,定语从句可用that/in which引导,也可以省略。
(2)当way后面的定语从句缺少主语、宾语时,关系词用that/which(作宾语时引导词可以省略,作主语时引导词不可以省略)。
(3)a way to do sth./a way of doing sth. 做某事的方法 学以致用 (1)单句填空 ①I don＇t like the way inwhich he looks at me. ②Can you tell me the way that/which you use to work out the maths problem? ③I created a way to get (get) my message across while using as few words as possible. (2)单句写作 ④然而,当她挂断电话时,她对她处理电话的方式感到遗憾。
However, when she hung up, she regretted the way she had handled the call. 板块二 课文对译 用适当的词句补全教材原文。
The Secret Language of Plants Talking plants have long been a thing of myths① and legends②.Many cultures have stories of talking trees that give advice as well as warnings to people. Alexander the Great and Marco Polo were said to have visited such a tree in India.③ And in some modern stories, such as the film Avatar, trees can communicate with animals and people. [文本解读]本段通过神话传说和现代电影故事引出树能与动物和人交流。
植物密语 会说话的植物一直是神话①和传说②中的一大元素。在许多种文化中流传下来的故事里,会说话的树给予人们忠告和警示。据说亚历山大大帝和马可·波罗曾在印度见过这样一棵(会说话的)树。③在一些现代故事,例如电影《阿凡达》中,树可以与人类和动物沟通交流。
With us long believing that talking plants are fantasy, new research has revealed something amazing: it appears that plants can communicate after all④. [文本解读]本段通过新的研究揭示文章主题:植物能互相交流。
我们一直认为会说话的植物只存在于幻想之中,但新研究有了令人惊奇的发现:植物间似乎确实可以交流。④
It has been known for some time that plants use chemicals to communicate with each other.⑤ This happens when a plant, say a bean plant, gets attacked by insects. The plant releases tiny amounts of⑥ chemicals from the leaves that are being eaten. This is like a warning, or a call for help: “I＇m being attacked!” When another bean plant detects⑦ the chemicals from its injured neighbour, it starts to release its own, different chemicals. Some of these chemicals drive insects away⑧. Others attract insects—the wasps⑨! The wasps kill the insects that are eating the bean plants. Scientists hope to learn more about this plant warning system, so that we can use it to grow crops without pesticides⑩. [文本解读]本段首句指出该段的主题——植物使用化学物质进行交流,接下来详细介绍植物使用化学物质交流的方式以及科学家们研究植物警告系统的目的。
人们早就知道植物利用化学物质相互交流。⑤当一株植物——比如豆科植物——被昆虫袭击时,就会发生这种情况。植物正在遭受啃食的叶子会释放出微量的⑥化学物质。这像是警示,抑或求救:“我被攻击了!” 当另一株豆类植物察觉⑦到附近受伤同伴释放的化学物质时,它自身便开始释放不同的化学物质,其中一些化学物质能驱赶⑧昆虫,而另一些则会吸引昆虫——黄蜂⑨!黄蜂会杀死那些啃食豆类植物的昆虫。科学家们希望能进一步了解这种植物警报系统,以便我们可以将其应用于不用使用农药⑩的农作物的种植。
More surprisingly, plants also use sound to communicate. People can＇t hear these sounds, but plants are making them. Some plants make noises with their roots ⑪. Corn and chilli ⑫ plants do this. They also “listen” to the noises from other plants. A chilli plant can tell if a neighbouring plant is helpful, or unfriendly. Some trees make clicking noises when there is not enough water, indicating drought is arriving .⑬ [文本解读]本段结构为“总—分”式。开篇点题,之后详细介绍植物使用声音交流的方式。
更不可思议的是,植物也能用声音交流。虽然人类听不到这些声音,但植物确实正在发出声音。有些植物通过根部 ⑪发出声响,比如玉米和辣椒 ⑫。它们还能“听见”其他植物发出的声响。辣椒可以知道自己附近的植物是敌是友。有些树木在水分不足时会发出咔嗒声,以示干旱就要来了。⑬
Most surprisingly of all, plants have an amazing system of communication that can link ⑭ nearly every plant in a forest. Scientists call this system the “wood wide web”. It is in some ways similar to the Internet we use. While the Internet is a worldwide network of computers linked by cables and satellites, the wood wide web is linked underground by fungi ⑮. This fungal ⑯ network links the roots of different plants to each other. Using the wood wide web, plants can share information and even food with each other. For example, some pine trees can send food to smaller pine trees to help them grow. But just like our own Internet, the wood wide web has its own version of “cybercrime ⑰”. Plants can steal food from each other, or spread poisons to attack other plants. Perhaps one day scientists will learn how to create a “firewall” to help prevent these attacks within the wood wide web. [文本解读]本段介绍了植物的另一种交流方式——“植物万维网”,并采用拟人的手法具体介绍了植物使用“植物万维网”的方式等。
最令人惊讶的是,植物拥有一套惊人的交流系统,几乎可以连接 ⑭起森林中的每一种植物。科学家称这个系统为“植物万维网”。在某些方面上,它很像我们使用的互联网。互联网是一个由电缆和卫星连接的全球计算机网络,而植物万维网是在地下通过真菌 ⑮连接而成的。这种真菌的 ⑯网络将不同植物的根连接在一起。利用植物万维网,植物可以互相分享信息甚至是食物。例如,一些松树可以把食物输送到较小的松树上,帮助它们生长。但就像我们自己的互联网一样,植物万维网也有自己的“网络犯罪 ⑰”模式。
植物可以互相窃取食物,或者散播毒素攻击其他植物。也许有一天,科学家们会研究出如何创建一个“防火墙”,以帮助阻止植物万维网中的这些攻击。
Scientists are learning more every day about the secret ways in which plants talk to each other.⑱ Who knows? Maybe one day we will know enough about plant communication to be able to “talk” with them ourselves. [文本解读]本段介绍了科学家们进一步的工作以及对未来的希望。
科学家们每天都在学习更多关于植物相互交谈的秘密方式。⑱谁知道呢? 也许有一天,我们会知道足够多的有关植物交流的知识,从而能亲自和植物“聊天”了。
Ⅰ.语境填词 1.There is a famous Greek myth (神话) in which Icarus flew too near to the Sun. 2.It is difficult to separate legends (传说) from the truth. 3.Arnold could detect (察觉) a certain sadness in the old man＇s face. 4.It＇s 21 years since she first moved to Britain from Lebanon, but she hasn＇t forgotten her roots (根). 5.The highway links(连接) the two cities together, which saves travel time. 6.It was impossible to move as much as a centimetre(厘米) in any direction. 7.You can taste the chilli(辣椒) in the dish but it is a little sweet. 8.The good news about fungi(真菌) is that they are relatively stable. Ⅱ.语境选词 after all, side by side, drive...away, steal...from..., communicate with, be linked to 1.Things weren＇t so bad after all. I was among my friends again. 2.We must stand side by side in this trouble and help each other. 3.The light rail station is linked to Beijing＇s subway system, so transportation is seamless(无缝的). 4.A number of priceless works of art were stolen from the gallery. 5.Over a hundred people must have been driven away from their homes. 6.Dolphins use sound to communicate with each other. Ⅲ.完成句子 1.据说她在20年以前曾是一位女演员。(be said to have done...) She was said to have been an actress about twenty years ago. 2.两位领导人好像在举行秘密会谈。(It appears that...) It appears that the two leaders are holding secret talks. 3.大家都知道,在中国,姓氏放最前面。(It is known that...) It is known that family names come first in China. 4.我们有许多科学的方法解决这个问题。(in which引导定语从句) There are many scientific ways in which we solve the problem. 5.男孩们抬起腿,示意他们要爬进来。(indicating...作状语) The boys lifted up their legs, indicating they wanted to climb in. Ⅳ.课文语法填空 New research has revealed it 1.appears (appear) that plants can communicate after all. It has been known for some time that plants use chemicals to communicate 2.with each other. This happens when a plant gets attacked by insects. The plant releases tiny amounts of chemicals from the leaves that are being eaten. When another plant detects the chemicals from its 3.injured (injure) neighbour, it starts to release its own, 4.different (differ) chemicals. Some of these chemicals drive insects away. Others attract other insects to kill the insects 5.eating (eat) the plants. Plants also use sound to communicate. Some plants make noises with their 6.roots (root). They also “listen” to the noises from other plants. Some trees make clicking noises when there is not enough water, indicating drought 7.is arriving (arrive). Most surprisingly, plants have an amazing system of communication that can link 8.nearly (near) every plant in a forest. Scientists call this system the “wood wide web”, which is linked underground by fungi. This fungal network links the roots of different plants to each other. Using 9.the wood wide web, plants can share information and even food with each other. But just like our own Internet, the wood wide web has its own version of “cybercrime”. Plants can steal food from each other, 10.or spread poisons to attack other plants. In all, scientists are learning more every day about the secret ways in which plants talk to each other. Ⅰ.单句填空 1.The hill is supposed to be the resting place of the legendary (legend) King Lud. 2.The company hired a detective (detect) to look into the accident. 3.Bacteria and fungi (fungus) are other important soil organisms. 4.This book is said to have been translated (translate) into English. 5.Large amounts of water have been wasted (waste) in the factory so far. 6.I liked the open, honest way in which the man talked to me. 7.I＇m feeling like a stranger when I drove through my hometown. 8.The two families linked up through the marriage of a daughter and a son. Ⅱ.同义替换 link, a large amount of, detect, drive away, root, communicate with, legend, steal...from... 1.Most skin cancers can be cured if discovered and treated early. (detected) 2.The railroad connects two cities, namely, New York and Chicago. (links) 3.Drinking and driving is one of the most common causes of traffic accidents. (roots) 4.He was sitting amongst a group of children, telling them a story. (legend) 5.May I come and talk with you whenever it＇s convenient? (communicate with) 6.I saw him leave in a car in the direction of the town. (drive away) 7.She got the boot because she took money from the store. (stole;from) 8.I also had friends who gave me a great deal of encouragement. (a large amount of) Ⅲ.教材原句翻译 1.我们一直认为会说话的植物只存在于幻想之中,但新研究有了令人惊奇的发现:植物间似乎确实可以交流。
With us long believing that talking plants are fantasy, new research has revealed something amazing: it appears that plants can communicate after all. 2.人们早就知道植物可以利用化学物质相互交流。
It has been known for some time that plants use chemicals to communicate with each other. 3.植物正在遭受啃食的叶子会释放出微量的化学物质。
The plant releases tiny amounts of chemicals from the leaves that are being eaten. 4.有些树木在缺水时会发出咔嗒声,以示干旱就要来了。
Some trees make clicking noises when there is not enough water, indicating drought is arriving. 5.科学家们每天都在学习更多关于植物相互交谈的秘密方式。
Scientists are learning more every day about the secret ways in which plants talk to each other. Ⅰ.阅读理解
(2020北京顺义牛栏山一中高一下期中) Animals in Antarctica There are no land animals that actually live in Antarctica!However,the surrounding oceans are rich in living creatures!It＇s just too cold to support very many life forms!Now let＇s meet some of the Antarctica＇s animals. Weddell Seal They are the southernmost pinniped(鳍足类的)in the world. Males are generally smaller than females. Interestingly,a newborn pup has a coat of long hair,which they will shed(脱落) within the first month as the protective layer of their body is developed. Blue Whale Named for its blue-gray color,this huge animal may grow to be roughly 100 feet long and weigh more than 120 tons!A blue whale eats about 4 tons of krill(磷虾)per day during the feeding season!This means that about 40 million krill are eaten every day for six months by a blue whale!The tongue of the blue whale can be as big as a Volkswagen!The blue whale is the loudest animal on earth! Rockhopper Penguin One of the most beautiful penguins,the Rockhopper penguins shake their heads and cause their yellow eyebrows to fly into a “halo”in order to attract a mate! Wandering Albatross This species of albatross wanders the oceans for months at a time searching for food. It sleeps on the ocean surface at night and drinks sea water. The Wandering Albatross is the largest bird in the world in terms of the wing span—11 feet! Ross Seal Ross Seals are very rarely seen because they live deep within the pack ice. It is believed that Ross Seals feed mainly on squid,fish and krill. They were named after the British polar explorer Sir James Ross,who first discovered them in 1840. Emperor Penguin Emperor Penguins are the biggest of the 17 penguin species. They are flightless birds. They are the only living species to reproduce during the harsh Antarctic winter. Without a nest, the father Emperor Penguin keeps the egg warm by holding it on his feet for 2—3 months until spring, during which the father doesn＇t eat anything and he just eats a little snow for moisture. Unbelievable!What a Dad! 1.We know from the 5th paragraph that the Wandering Albatross
. A.never touches the land B.is a good swimmer and flyer C.drinks fresh water D.sleeps on boats 2.According to the last paragraph,
. A.there are 18 penguin species on Earth B.Emperor penguins spend most of their time on land where they find food C.penguins are birds with no wings D.the mother Emperor penguin lays one egg during the winter 3.We know from the reading that
. A.a male Weddell Seal is larger than a female B.Rockhopper Penguins are the most beautiful penguin C.it is hard to see a Ross Seal D.a blue whale eats about 4 tons of krill every day 答案 [语篇解读] 本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了一些生活在世界上最寒冷的南极洲的一些顽强的动物。
1.B 细节理解题。根据文章第五段内容可判断,信天翁是一种善于游泳和飞行的鸟。故选B项。
2.D 细节理解题。根据文章最后一段中“They are the only living species to reproduce during the harsh Antarctic winter.”可知,帝企鹅妈妈是在冬季产蛋。故选D项。
3.C 细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段中“Ross Seals are very rarely seen because they live deep within the pack ice.”可知,罗斯海豹很难见到。故选C项。
Ⅱ.七选五 (2020江西南昌第十中学高二上期中) Stop Complaining We are instructed not to use any dirty words or polluting language. 1 But I have learned that complaining polluted our lives at one time. 2 How quick are we to become impatient and begin to complain when stuck in traffic or while waiting at the checkout in grocery stores or department stores? How quick are we to spot and point out all the faults of our friends or family members? The influence of excessive(过度的)complaining:Complaining can make you feel pretty down, for example. There is just so much that＇s wrong, everywhere, and no matter how much you complain, it just isn＇t possible to get it all put right. Plain and simple complaining is a behaviour that people disapprove of or consider morally wrong! 3 Complaining can become a habit. When you made your first complaint, you carefully chose what to protest about, and to whom, and how, in order to get very specific results. 4 You have an “auto-complainer” that comes out with your criticism to whoever is listening. The best antidote(矫正方法) for complaining is thanksgiving. 5 They are too busy being grateful for all the good things they have so that they have no time to notice the things they could complain about. And also remember that it is no use complaining without taking action. A.But you probably no longer do that. B.Don＇t get discouraged when you fail. C.Truly thankful people do not complain. D.I didn＇t realize that this included complaining. E.We need to ask ourselves something like these. F.When you really want to stop complaining all the time. G.It causes many people a great deal of problems in their lives and destroys the joy of anyone listening. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 答案 [语篇解读] 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述抱怨一度污染了我们的生活,给我们的生活带来了很多问题及怎样去矫正抱怨。
1.D 根据下文“But I have learned that complaining polluted our lives at one time.”可知,该句同上一句构成转折关系,而D选项“I didn＇t realize that this included complaining.”符合语境,故选D项。
2.E 根据下文的问题“当我们在杂货店或百货商店的收银台前等待时,我们会多快变得不耐烦并开始抱怨?”可以推断设空处需要填与问题有关的句子,同E选项中的“ask”相呼应。故选E项。
3.G 本段说的是过度抱怨的影响,并且举例说明抱怨会让你感到沮丧。G项也是在描述抱怨的影响,符合语境,故选G项。
4.A 本段说的是抱怨会成为一种习惯。本段最后一句说“你有一个‘自动抱怨者’,他会对听你讲话的人提出批评”。也就是即使你不想那样做,也会自动抱怨。A选项同最后一句构成转折关系,符合语境,故选A项。
5.C 本段第一句“The best antidote(矫正方法) for complaining is thanksgiving.(对于抱怨,最好的矫正方法是感恩。)”中的thanksgiving同C选项“Truly thankful people do not complain.(真正感恩的人不会抱怨。)”中的thankful相呼应,故选C项。
Ⅲ.语法填空 (2020山东滕州高二上期中) High on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau 1. (lie) China＇s “water tower” Sanjiangyuan. It is home to the headwaters of China＇s three rivers: the Yellow River, the Yangtze River, and the Lancang (Mekong) River. The three rivers 2. provide water for about half the population of China play an important role. However, human activities are putting this ecosystem 3. risk. In 2016, the Chinese government established Sanjiangyuan National Park in Qinghai Province. The park, 4. (plan) to open in 2020, has increased the area＇s green coverage and attracted more wildlife. The local government has also made a great effort to improve biological diversity. The success of Sanjiangyuan will mark the start of a 5. (green) future. With Sanjiangyuan 6. (take) the lead, nine other regions in China 7. (choose) by a field conservation station to carry out projects over the past three years, 8. will form a national park system together. The idea of a national park system is still new in China, but 9. (it) realization is urgent. After all, 10. (build) an ecological civilization bears great importance in the development and progress of human civilization. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 答案 [语篇解读] 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述中国政府建立了三江源国家公园,促进生态文明建设,进而建立国家公园系统,为人类文明发展做贡献。
1.lies 考查时态和主谓一致。句意:中国的“水塔”三江源就坐落在青藏高原的高处。分析句子可知,空中为谓语动词,并且叙述的是客观事实,用一般现在时,主语为China＇s “water tower” Sanjiangyuan,为第三人称单数。故填lies。
2.that/which 考查定语从句的关系词。分析句子可知,“...provide water for about half the population of China”为定语从句,修饰先行词The three rivers,先行词在从句中作主语,因此关系词既可以用that又可以用which,故填that/which。
3.at 考查介词。句意:然而,人类活动正将这一生态系统置于危险之中。at risk为固定短语,意为“处于危险之中”,故填at。
4.planned 考查非谓语动词。句意:该公园计划于2020年开放,增加了该地区的绿色覆盖率,吸引了更多的野生动物。分析句子可知,设空处作状语,和其逻辑主语The park之间为被动关系,应用过去分词,故填planned。
5.greener 考查形容词比较级。句意:三江源的成功将标志着绿色未来的开始。同过去相比,应该是一个更加绿色环保的未来,应用比较级,故填greener。
6.taking 考查现在分词。句意:以三江源为龙头,中国其他9个地区在过去3年中被一个野外保护站选定实施项目,将共同形成国家公园体系。本句的“with+名词+宾语补足语”的结构中,设空处作的是补足语,同名词之间为主动关系,故填taking。
7.have been chosen 考查时态和语态。分析句子可知,choose在本句中为谓语动词,根据时间状语“over the past three years”可知,该句应用现在完成时态,它和主语之间为被动关系,应用现在完成时的被动语态,且主语为nine other regions,故填have been chosen。
8.which 考查非限制性定语从句。分析句子可知,设空处引导非限制性定语从句,空中的词指代前面的句子,在从句中充当主语,故填which。
9.its 考查代词。空中的词用来修饰名词realization,应用it的形容词性物主代词形式,故填its。
10.building 考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知,设空处作主语,应用build的动名词形式,故填building。
Ⅳ.应用文写作 (2020湖北十堰高一上学期期末) 假定你是校学生会主席李华,你校将于下个月举办校园歌唱比赛(Campus Singing Competition)。请给你校外教Lisa写封邮件,邀请她做评审,内容包括: 1.写信目的; 2.比赛时间、地点、要求和意义。
注意: 1.词数80左右; 2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯; 3.信的开头和结尾已写好,不计入总词数。
答案 One possible version: Dear Lisa, I＇m glad to tell you that our school will hold a Campus Singing Competition. I am writing to invite you to be a judge. The Campus Singing Competition is scheduled at 8 am on January 1st at the school hall to celebrate the New Year. It＇s required that each class should choose the most talented singer to compete with students from other classes. Besides, competitors can only sing a campus song. The competition is held to enrich students＇ school life. I＇m looking forward to your early reply. Yours sincerely, Li hua
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