Section Ⅶ Expanding your world Ⅰ.单词分层默写 1.单词拼写 ①mood n.心情 ②circus n.马戏团 ③ankle n.脚踝 ④essential adj.极其重要的,必不可少的 ⑤deserve v.应得,应受到 ⑥complicated adj.难处理的;难懂的 ⑦concept n.概念,观念 ⑧fellow n.男人,家伙 ⑨shave v.刮脸,刮胡子 2.拓展单词 ①amusement n.娱乐,消遣→amuse v.逗笑,逗乐→amusing adj.有趣的,引人发笑的→amused adj.逗乐的,觉得好笑的 ②entertain v.使快乐→entertaining adj.有趣的,令人愉快的→entertainment n.招待;款待;娱乐 ③examine v.检查(身体)→examination n.检查;考查;考试→examiner n.检查员;考官 ④advertisement n.广告→advertise v.(为……)做广告;登广告 ⑤employer n.雇用者,雇主→employ v.雇用→employee n.受雇者;雇工;雇员→employment n.工作;职业;受雇 ⑥spot n.地点,处所;斑点→spotted adj.有斑点的 ⑦impress v.使钦佩,使留下深刻印象→impression n.印象→impressive adj.令人敬佩的; 给人印象深刻的 ⑧interaction n.交流→interact v.交流;沟通;合作 ⑨cruel adj.残忍的→cruelly adv.残酷地→cruelty n.残酷,残忍,残暴 ⑩conclude v.结束,终止→conclusion n.结束,终结;结论 composer n.作曲家→compose v.组成,构成;作曲,创作(音乐)→composition n.构成;作曲,创作;作文 Ⅱ.短语搭配翻译 1.cheer up(使)高兴起来,(使)振作起来 2.do the trick奏效,达到预期效果 3.put on穿上,戴上→(反义词组)take off脱下 4.look through浏览 5.fall off跌落 6.in pain处于痛苦中 7.work as充当,担任 8.do a great job做得很棒 9.more often than not通常 10.work closely with与……密切合作 11.concentrate on集中精力于;全神贯注于 12.in turn反过来;轮流,依次 13.make sense有意义;讲得通 14.come true实现 15.play tricks on捉弄 16.in particular尤其,特别 17.throw light on阐明 18.put sb. on the spot(故意提出难以回答或尴尬的问题)使某人难堪 19.brand of humour某种类型的幽默 20.tell off斥责,责骂 21.fall behind不能按时完成(工作) 22.think on one＇s feet反应敏捷;随机应变 Ⅲ.主题书面表达
结合本单元主题,使用本单元词汇、句型和语法写一篇语言流畅、用词准确、逻辑严密的短文。
1.写作要点 ①有一个好心情是非常重要的,它可以娱乐我们,让我们振作起来。(mood, essential, entertain, cheer up) Being in a good mood is really essential, which can entertain us and cheer us up. ②好心情会以积极的方式给别人留下深刻印象,而愁眉苦脸会让别人离开你。(impress, deserve) A good mood will impress others in a positive way while a long face will deserve others leaving you. ③笑料会让我们开怀大笑。(laughing stock, crack a smile) Laughing stocks will make us crack a smile. ④幽默可以照亮一个人沉闷的生活。(illuminate) Humour can illuminate a person＇s dull life. ⑤当我们被责备或不能按时完成工作时,为什么不以好心情打败它们呢?(tell off, fall behind) When we are told off or fall behind, why not beat them with a good mood? 2.串句成文 将以上句子连成一篇语言流畅、用词准确、逻辑严密的短文。
Being in a good mood is really essential, which can entertain us and cheer us up. A good mood will impress others in a positive way while a long face will deserve others leaving you. Laughing stocks will make us crack a smile. And humour can illuminate a person＇s dull life. So when we are told off or fall behind, why not beat them with a good mood? happy as a clam “happy as a clam”意为“非常开心、快乐”,这个短语源于美国,目前仍是典型的美式英语。它的完整表达是:Happy as a clam at high tide,最早出现在19世纪初期,到了19世纪30年代,后面的 at high tide被省略,短语正式变为happy as a clam。知道了完整形式,就不难理解为什么“开心(happy)”会和“蛤蜊(clam)”扯上关系了。
low tide(低潮)使蛤蜊很容易在沙滩上现身,人们发现、挖走它的几率也就大大提高。而high tide(高潮)可以让蛤蜊安安稳稳被水覆盖着,不用担心突然有人把它从沙滩上挖走。所以它在high tide的时候自然是很开心的——又安全,又舒服,绝对无忧无虑。到19世纪40年代,happy as a clam在美国基本上已经到达家喻户晓的程度。大家讲到“特别开心”的时候,还是下意识地用 happy as a clam。
举个例子: Kevin is a typical family man. As long as he gets to spend some quality time with his wife and kids on weekends, he＇ll be happy as a clam. (Kevin是典型的家庭型男人。只要周末能和妻子、孩子们好好相处一段时间,他就十分开心了。) Stay away from jokes that make someone lose face. Saving face is extremely important in China. “Face”, in Asia, is used to describe reputation, influence, dignity, and honor. You＇ll make them feel incredibly ashamed. The concept of “Face” is as important in China as independence is in the US. So while losing self-respect is a personal tragedy for Westerners, the Chinese is extremely concerned about losing face. Avoid joking about someone＇s personal life. Romantic relationships are a private matter in China, and jokes about them are considered rude. Only the best friends can exchange the type of jokes you hear in a typical American sitcom. On a related note, it＇s also wise to avoid joking about sexuality. For Westerners, it＇s normal to mock politicians, but in China, you can end up walking on thin ice! Although Chinese people frequently use humour to communicate taboo subjects, I highly suggest that you not attempt this, especially at the beginning of your Chinese learning journey! 【译文】 中国式幽默的三个禁忌 远离那些让人丢脸的笑话。在中国,保全面子是非常重要的。在亚洲,“面子”被用来形容名誉、影响、尊严和荣誉。你会让他们感到极其羞愧。“面子”这个概念在中国就像“独立”在美国一样重要。因此,对西方人来说,失去自尊是一种个人悲剧,而中国人则极度担心丢面子。
不要拿别人的私生活开玩笑。在中国,恋爱是一种隐私,有关恋爱的笑话被认为是粗鲁的。只有最好的朋友才能交流你在美式情景喜剧中听到的那种笑话。与此相关的是,避免拿性开玩笑也是明智的。
对西方人来说,嘲笑政客很正常,但在中国,你可能会如履薄冰!虽然中国人经常用幽默来交流禁忌话题,但我强烈建议你不要尝试,尤其是在你刚开始学习汉语的时候! 第一部分 听力(共两节,满分30分)
☆关注主书封底“3·2学习云空间”,免费下载听力材料音频。
第一节 (共5小题;每小题1.5分,满分7.5分) 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1.What is the man probably doing? A.Writing a report. B.Reading a newspaper. C.Looking for a newspaper. 2.How does the man usually go to work? A.By bus. B.By car. C.On foot. 3.Why does the man take an umbrella? A.Because it＇s raining now. B.Because it will rain soon. C.Because his wife dislikes walking in the sun. 4.How much is the cheaper book? A.5 dollars. B.15 dollars. C.20 dollars. 5.What do we know about the man? A.He likes his new job very much. B.He makes very little money now. C.He is busy with his job now. 第二节 (共15小题;每小题1.5分,满分22.5分) 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前,你将有时间阅读各个小题,每小题5秒钟;听完后,各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料,回答第6、7题。
6.What did the man think of the match? A.It was great. B.It was just so-so. C.It was boring. 7.Who is Jenny? A.The woman＇s best friend. B.The man＇s wife. C.The man＇s sister.
听第7段材料,回答第8至10题。
8.What＇s the weather like today? A.Fine. B.Rainy. C.Windy. 9.What will the two speakers do tomorrow? A.Go swimming. B.Go for a picnic. C.Go to Japan. 10.For what does Tom go to Japan? A.To spend a vacation with his girlfriend. B.To visit his girlfriend＇s parents. C.To visit his friends.
听第8段材料,回答第11至13题。
11.What is the woman doing? A.Reading a book. B.Listening to music. C.Playing computer games. 12.What time is it now? A.About 5:40 pm. B.About 6:00 pm. C.About 6:20 pm. 13.What＇s the possible relationship between the two speakers? A.Mother and son. B.Brother and sister. C.Friends.
听第9段材料,回答第14至17题。
14.What did the old lady probably do? A.She gave the man a lift. B.She gave the man some money. C.She asked a friend to take the man home. 15.Why couldn＇t the woman go to help the man? A.Because she was ill. B.Because she had to look after Mike. C.Because she didn＇t know where the man was. 16.What happened to the man? A.He left his wallet in a taxi. B.He got robbed by a stranger. C.His wallet was stolen. 17.What will the man probably do next? A.Buy a new wallet. B.Answer the phone. C.Give a phone call.
听第10段材料,回答第18至20题。
18.How does the speaker and her brother go to school? A.By car. B.By bus. C.On foot. 19.Which subject does the speaker like best? A.History. B.PE. C.Science. 20.When do they usually have supper? A.At about 6:00 pm. B.At about 6:30 pm. C.At about 7:00 pm. 答案 1.A 2.B 3.C 4.B 5.C 6.A 7.B 8.A 9.B 10.A 11.C 12.A 13.B 14.B 15.B 16.A 17.B 18.C 19.A 20.B 听力材料 Text 1 W:Here is today＇s newspaper. M:Put it on the table, please. I＇ll read it after finishing my report. Text 2 W:What a surprise! You go to work by bus today. M:There is something wrong with my car. I＇ve no choice. Text 3 W:It＇s not raining. Why do you take an umbrella? M:It＇s for my wife. She doesn＇t like walking in the sun. W:You are such a great husband. Text 4 M:Sorry, but I don＇t want this book. It costs 20 dollars. That＇s too expensive for me. W:What about this one? It＇s five dollars cheaper. M:OK. Is there any difference between the books? W:There are pictures in the expensive one. Text 5 W:How do you like your job in the shop? M:I left there half a month ago. I only worked there for three months. Now I work in a big company. W:Do you like your new job? M:No. I have to work very hard. I don＇t have any time of my own. Text 6 W:How did you like the match last night? M:I haven＇t enjoyed such a great match for years. But it was a pity that I watched it alone. W:Didn＇t Jenny watch it with you? M:She never watches football matches. W:But didn＇t she often watch matches with you before you got married? M:Women change! Text 7 W:What a beautiful day for a picnic! M:You are right. But it will be too hot in the afternoon. How about going swimming this afternoon and having a picnic tomorrow morning? W:That＇s a good idea. Shall we ask Tom to go with us? M:OK. But I＇m afraid he can＇t go for a picnic with us tomorrow. W:Why? M:He has to go to Japan tomorrow. W:Does he go there to visit his friends? M:No. He is going to take a vacation with his girlfriend. Text 8 M:Stop sitting in front of the computer. You＇ve been playing computer games for hours. W:It＇s raining outside. I＇ve nothing to do. M:You can read a book or listen to music. Playing computer games for such a long time is bad for your eyes. W:OK. I＇ll follow your advice. But let me play for half an hour more. Then I＇ll stop and read a book. M:Why not stop now? Dad will be home in about twenty minutes. W:How do you know that? M:Dad called me about an hour ago. He said he＇d be back around six o＇clock. W:It＇s already time for supper. What will we eat? M:I don＇t know. Mom is not at home. Dad isn＇t good at cooking. Perhaps we＇ll eat noodles again. W:I hate that. Text 9 W:You told me on the phone you had no money left on you. How did you get back? M:An old lady gave me a hand. Without her help, I would have no money to take the subway. W:I＇m sorry I was unable to help you out. M:It＇s OK. You had to look after Mike at that time. So how is he now? W:He has become much better. But he＇ll have to stay in bed for two more days. M:Kids become ill easily in fall. W:You are right. So have you received any calls about your wallet? M:No. The taxi driver may not have noticed it, or a passenger may have taken it away. W:Don＇t worry. Believe there are kind-hearted people like the old lady. M:I hope so. W:You are careless sometimes. I＇m sure you＇ll be careful from now on. M:You are right. I must learn to be careful. W:Oh, your phone rings. Perhaps there is good news. Text 10
W:After breakfast, my dad, my mom, my brother and I all leave the house at 8:30 am. Dad goes to work. He works with computers. Mom, my brother and I walk to school. After my brother and I get to the school, my mom then catches a bus to her workplace. She works in a different school as a mathematics teacher. I take the packed lunch to school, which contains things such as sandwiches, fruit and cookies. I usually have lunch at noon. Sometimes my friends and I share our food. My favorite subject at school is history. My favorite topic in it is learning about the ancient Egyptians. I also enjoy PE lessons and science lessons. We play football, basketball, volleyball and sometimes we go running along the river near our school. Mom picks us up from school at 3:15 pm. Sometimes we go downtown to the shops. We sometimes eat in a fast food restaurant there. However, most days we go straight home and my brother and I watch TV, or play computer games. Dad usually gets home at about 6 o＇clock. We eat together at about 6:30 pm. My favorite dish is fish. I also like pizza which we have very often. After supper, my brother and I usually do our homework. We go to bed at about 10:00 pm. 第二部分 阅读(共两节,满分50分) 第一节 (共15小题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A (2020山东泰安期末)
Crafternoon Time: Sunday, January 19, 2020, 1:00 PM Location:Emma Clark Library, 120 Main Street, Setauket, NY 11733 Warm up at the library! This event at Emma Clark Library would be an unforgettable experience for you. Stop by on Sunday, January 19 anytime between 1 pm and 3 pm for this free craft activity! All kids are welcome. If you have any questions, please email us at emmaclark.org.
Rolling River Day Camp Family Day Time: Sunday, January 26, 2020, 11: 00 AM Location:477 Ocean Avenue, East Rockaway, NY 11518 It is time for you to learn more about Summer Camp 2020.Bring your family to Rolling River＇s Family Day! It is a special opportunity for children to get a taste of camp while parents can enjoy a wonderful weekend, too. You must pre-register to attend. All families that register for Camp 2020 that day will receive a free gift.
Super Bowl “Sunday” Time: Sunday, February 2, 2020, 2:00 PM Location: Emma Clark Library, 120 Main Street, Setauket, NY 11733 Let＇s begin the Super Bowl weekend with football-themed parties on Sunday, February 2. Simply drop into the Children＇s Department at Emma Clark Library between the hours of 2:00—4:00 pm. You can play games and have a chance to win a special prize. It is a special event where the Library manager encourages visitors to wear a shirt or jersey(运动衫) emblazoned with their favorite football team, but this is not required. Be sure to catch the fun! There is no registration, and families with kids of all ages are welcome.
St. Gregory＇s Day Time: March 8, 2020, 7:00 PM—March 18, 2020, 7:00 PM Location: 87th Avenue & Cross Island Parkway, Bellerose, NY 11426 Visit us at www.sgtgfestival.com. Featuring live music performances, fun-filled games and food, it will offer delightful experiences to you. You will enjoy rides, games, prizes, well-known live entertainment outdoors and delicious dishes. 21.If you want to attend “Rolling River Day Camp Family Day”, you should
. A.donate a gift first B.make registration early C.be dressed in a shirt or jersey D.visit www.sgtgfestival.com first 22.What do the first event and the third event have in common? A.They will be held at the same time. B.They share the same organizer. C.They have the same requirements. D.They will be held in the same place. 23.What can we learn about “St. Gregory＇s Day”? A.It will last more than one week. B.It is more suitable for campers. C.It has special requirements for clothes. D.Its most activities will be held indoors. 答案 [语篇解读] 本文主要向读者介绍了四个可以参加的活动,并介绍了活动的时间、地点以及活动的主要内容。
21.B 细节理解题。根据题干关键词 “Rolling River Day Camp Family Day”可以定位答案在Rolling River Day Camp Family Day中的You must pre-register to attend.(你必须预先登记才能参加。)故选B。
22.D 细节理解题。根据文章活动一Crafternoon中的Location: Emma Clark Library, 120 Main Street, Setauket, NY 11733和活动三Super Bowl “Sunday”中的Location: Emma Clark Library, 120 Main Street, Setauket, NY 11733可知,第一个和第三个活动的举办地点相同。故选D。
23.A 推理判断题。根据文章St. Gregory＇s Day中的Time: March 8, 2020, 7:00 PM—March 18, 2020, 7:00 PM可知,该活动举办时间是2020年的3月8日到2020年的3月18日。因此,该活动的举办时间超过一周。故选A。
B (2020浙江台州五校联考) There is an English saying that “Laughter is the best medicine”. Until recently, few people took the saying seriously. Now, however, doctors have begun to look into laughter and the effects it has on the human body. They have found that laughter can really improve people＇s health. Tests were carried out to study the effects of laughter on the human body. People watched funny films while doctors checked their hearts, blood pressure, breathing and muscles. It was found that laughter had similar effects to physical exercise. It increases blood pressure, makes the heart beat quicker and makes people breathe deeper; it also works on several groups of muscles in the face, the stomach, and even the feet. If laughter exercises the body, it must be beneficial. Other tests have shown that laughter appears to be able to reduce the effects of pain on the body. In one experiment, doctors produced pain in groups of students who listened to different radio programs. The group that tolerated the pain for the longest time was the group which listened to a funny program. The reason why laughter can reduce pain seems to be that it helps to produce a kind of chemical in the brain which diminishes both stress and pain. As a result of these discoveries, some doctors in the United States now hold laughter clinics(诊所), in which they help to improve their patients＇ condition by encouraging them to laugh. They have found that even if their patients do not really feel like laughing, making them smile is enough to produce beneficial effects similar to those caused by laughter. 24.According to the passage,which of the following statements is WRONG? A.Laughter is good for health. B.Laughter helps to reduce pain. C.Laughter can make you become old quickly. D.Laughter, just like physical exercise, is good for our bodies. 25.The underlined word “diminishes” in the third paragraph means “
”. A.delays B.prevents C.increases D.reduces 26.Why do some doctors hold laughter clinics? A.Because they want to earn more money. B.Because they want to improve their patients＇ condition. C.Because they want their patients to practice how to laugh. D.Because they think they will help the patients recover from illness. 27.What would be the best title for this passage? A.Laughter is the best medicine B.Laughter can reduce the effects of pain C.Laughter clinics help patients improve their condition D.Both laughter and physical exercise are good for health 答案 [语篇解读] 本文通过研究说明“笑是最佳灵药”这句谚语很有科学道理。医生们着眼于笑对人体的影响,发现笑真的可以改善人们的健康状况。
24.C 推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句可知A项正确;由第二段第三句可知D项正确;由第三段第一句可知B项正确。故选C。
25.D 词义猜测题。根据第三段第一句Other tests have shown that laughter appears to be able to reduce the effects of pain on the body.(其他实验表明,笑似乎能够减轻疼痛对身体的影响。),再结合画线词所在句子可知,笑可以帮助大脑产生一种减轻压力和疼痛的化学物质。diminish意为“减轻”。故选D。
26.B 细节理解题。根据文章最后一段中的...in which they help to improve their patients＇ condition by encouraging them to laugh和They have found that even if their patients do not really feel like laughing, making them smile is enough to produce beneficial effects similar to those caused by laughter.可知,他们发现,即使他们的病人并不是真的想笑,让他们微笑就足以产生与笑类似的有益效果。所以一些医生开办笑声诊所的原因是他们想改善病人的健康状况。故选B。
27.A 主旨大意题。从第一段中的Laughter is the best medicine以及下文的陈述可知,本文通过研究得出“笑是最佳灵药”的结论。故选A。
C (2020天津六校联考高二上学期期中) Jenny was driving her six-year-old son, Tony, to his piano lesson. They were late, and Jenny was beginning to think she should have given it up. There was always so much to do, and Jenny recently helped with an operation. She was tired. The storm and icy roads added to her tension. Maybe she should turn the car around. “Mom!” Tony cried. “Look!” Just ahead a car had lost control on the patch of ice. As Jenny tapped the brakes, the other car wildly rolled over; then it crashed sideways into a telephone pole. Jenny pulled over, stopped and threw open her door. Thank goodness she knew her job well—she might be able to help these unfortunate passengers. Then she paused. What about Tony? She couldn＇t take him with her. Little boys shouldn＇t see scenes like that. But was it safe to leave him alone? What if their car were hit from behind? For a brief moment Jenny considered going on her way. She asked Tony to stay in the car and ran, slipping and sliding, toward the crash site. It was worse than she＇d feared. Two girls of high school age in the car, one was killed. The driver, however, was still breathing. Jenny quickly applied pressure to the wound in the teenager＇s head while her practiced eye checked the other injuries. A broken leg, maybe two, along with probable internal bleeding. But if help came soon, the girl would live. A trucker had pulled up and was calling for help on his cell phone. Soon ambulances and rescue workers came. “Good job,” one said while examining the wounds. “You probably saved her life!” Later the families of the victims came to meet Jenny, expressing their gratitude for the help she had offered. 28.What was Jenny doing when the accident happened? A.She was helping with an operation. B.She was driving to her son＇s lesson. C.She was driving home with her son. D.She was making a telephone call for help. 29.The car accident was caused by
. A.the tiredness of the driver B.the trucker who was telephoning while driving C.the students＇ careless driving D.bad weather and terrible road conditions 30.Before going to rescue the wounded, Jenny worried a lot about
. A.her poor skills of saving people B.her little son＇s safety in the car C.her little son＇s piano lesson D.the students killed in the accident 31.We can infer from the passage that
. A.the driver could be saved thanks to Jenny＇s timely help B.there were at least two deaths in the car accident C.Jenny was to blame for the terrible car accident D.Tony was on time for his piano lesson 答案 [语篇解读] 这篇短文主要讲述了Jenny在送儿子去学钢琴的路上遇见了一场车祸,在危急情况下救助伤者的故事。
28.B 细节理解题。根据第一段中的Jenny was driving her six-year-old son, Tony, to his piano lesson.可知,在Jenny送儿子去上钢琴课的路上遇见了一场车祸。故选B。
29.D 细节理解题。根据第二段中的Just ahead a car had lost control on the patch of ice.可知,当天下雪,路面太滑,导致车失控发生了车祸。故选D。
30.B 细节理解题。根据第三段中的Then she paused. What about Tony? She couldn＇t take him with her. Little boys shouldn＇t see scenes like that. But was it safe to leave him alone? What if their car were hit from behind? For a brief moment Jenny considered going on her way.(然后她停顿了一下,托尼怎么办?她不能带他一起去。小男孩不应该看到那样的场景。但是让他一个人待着安全吗?如果他们的车从后面被撞了呢?珍妮考虑了一会儿要继续前行。)可知,在抢救伤员之前,珍妮非常担心她儿子的安全。故选B。
31.A 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“You probably saved her life!” Later the families of the victims came to meet Jenny, expressing their gratitude for the help she had offered.(“你可能救了她的命!”后来遇难者家属来见珍妮,对她提供的帮助表示感谢。)可知,因为Jenny及时的帮助,司机有可能得救。故选A。
D (2020福建漳州五校联考) Ants are good navigators(导航员). They often travel long distances to search for food and carry it back to their nests. But how do they do it? An international team of scientists, including researchers at the University of Edinburgh, UK, has recently come up with an explanation. According to the findings, ants use visual (视觉的) memories of their environments and the sun＇s position to find their way home. And they can even do it while traveling backwards. The researchers studied a group of desert ants in Seville, Spain. The study＇s purpose was to find out how ants navigate when they carry pieces of food of different sizes. To make it work, the scientists first trained the ants to follow a particular path back home, including a challenging 90-degree turn. Then the ants were given either a small or a large piece of food to test their navigational skills. Ants with small pieces of food walked forward and cleared the 90-degree turn just fine. However, those with larger pieces sometimes had to turn backwards to drag them. Generally, these ants would set off in the correct direction. But if they stayed too long in the backward position, they would miss the correct turn to reach the nest. Interestingly, not all of the backward-walking ants were that stubborn. Some would drop the food sometimes to check their surroundings. So after turning back to pick up their food, the ants would find themselves back on the right path. Barbara Webb, a professor from the University of Edinburgh＇s School of Informatics, said the findings could help people make smarter robots in the future. “Understanding their behavior gives us new insights into brain functions and has inspired us to build robot systems that copy their functions,” she told the BBC. Scientists have been able to copy the neural(神经的) network in the ant＇s brain. The hope is to invent robots that can explore by themselves in natural areas such as forests. 32.According to the new study, ants
. A.mainly depend on local landmarks to guide them home B.cannot navigate well when they are carrying food with them C.prefer to travel in groups to avoid being lost on long-distance journeys D.use the sun＇s position and visual memories of their surroundings to navigate 33.Why do the researchers study desert ants? A.To find out how ants find their way home. B.To find out how ants carry pieces of food. C.To study whether ants travel backwards. D.To study whether ants use their sense of sight. 34.What inspiration do the researchers get from their findings? A.Robots can be used to explore the forest. B.Ants＇ neural network can be moved into robots. C.The findings help understand humans＇ brain functions better. D.People can make cleverer robots through imitating ants＇ brain functions. 35.What is the best title for the passage? A.Ants＇ navigational skills and their possible application B.Ants＇ traveling habits and brain functions C.How ants carry food pieces of various sizes D.How scientists test ants＇ skills 答案 [语篇解读] 本文是一篇科普文,讲述了蚂蚁利用对环境和太阳位置的视觉记忆来寻找回家的路。它们甚至可以在返回时找到回家的路。科学家们已经能够复制蚂蚁大脑中的神经网络,希望能发明出能够在森林等自然区域自主探索的机器人。
32.D 细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的According to the findings, ants use visual (视觉的) memories of their environments and the sun＇s position to find their way home.(根据研究结果,蚂蚁利用对环境和太阳位置的视觉记忆来寻找回家的路。)可知,根据新的研究,蚂蚁利用太阳的位置和对周围环境的视觉记忆来导航。故选D。
33.A 推理判断题。根据文章第三段中的The study＇s purpose was to find out how ants navigate when they carry pieces of food of different sizes.(这项研究的目的是找出蚂蚁携带不同大小的食物时的导航方式。)可知,研究人员研究沙漠蚂蚁是为了找出蚂蚁如何找到回家的路。故选A。
34.D 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的Understanding their behavior gives us new insights into brain functions and has inspired us to build robot systems that copy their functions(了解它们的行为给我们提供了对大脑功能的新见解,并激励我们建立模仿它们功能的机器人系统。)可知,通过模仿蚂蚁的大脑功能,人们可以制造出更聪明的机器人。故选D。
35.A 推理判断题。本文讲述了蚂蚁利用对环境和太阳位置的视觉记忆来寻找回家的路,它们甚至可以在倒着走时找到回家的路。科学家们已经能够复制蚂蚁大脑中的神经网络,希望能发明出能够在森林等自然区域自主探索的机器人。结合第一段中的Ants are good navigators. They often travel long distances to search for food and carry it back to their nests.和最后一段内容可知,文章主题是研究蚂蚁的导航能力以及如何将其运用到机器人上,A项作为文章题目最为合适。故选A。
第二节 (共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
(2020北京一零一中学期中) How to Bring Our Community Together? Canada is a nation that prides itself on multi-culturalism and opportunity. 36 Building social connections and a sense of belonging brings people together in ways that strengthen individual relationships as well as the whole community. There are several things that we can do to develop strong social connections and a sense of belonging. 37 One of the simplest ways to bring a community together is through sharing experience. Events like an international food festival, a sports league featuring activities from around the world, and health and wellness programs drawing on different cultures, are excellent ways of bringing people together. Think outside the box. 38 Many of us get caught up in our own routines and practices and forget that there are other ways of doing things. Try talking to different community members, ranging from youths to seniors, to understand their opinions of the world. 39 Try new things. Positively influencing our community can go beyond volunteering our time and resources. Consider getting involved in our community by working for the 2017 Census(人口普查) as an enumerator(人口普查员) or a crew leader. Census enumerators are responsible for identifying dwellings on maps, conducting personal interviews, and following up with respondents in person and by phone, while crew leaders are responsible for leading, training and supervising a team of enumerators. 40 A strong feeling of unity in a community can make residents feel comfortable and at home. A.Plan community events. B.Encourage community members to do some community service work. C.Social connections offer community members chances to know each other better. D.Our multi-cultural tradition provides a welcoming environment for individuals and families. E.Learning about different cultures and practices can open our mind to a whole new way of life. F.Invite individuals of different cultures to participate in community planning to ensure that every voice is heard. G.These positions provide an opportunity to meet new people and build relationships with members of our community. 答案 [语篇解读] 这是一篇说明文。文章作者针对如何让我们的社区团结起来这个问题,给出了一些建议。
36.D 考查段中衔接句和逻辑关系。由上文Canada is a nation that prides itself on multi-culturalism and opportunity.(加拿大是一个以多元文化和机遇为荣的国家。)及下文Building social connections and a sense of belonging brings people together in ways that strengthen individual relationships as well as the whole community.(建立社会联系和归属感使人们以加强个人关系和整个社区关系的方式走到一起。)可知,该空承上启下,D选项“我们的多元文化传统为个人和家庭提供了一个友好的环境。”切题,故选D。
37.A 考查段首主题句。由下文内容可知本段说的是将社区聚集在一起的最简单的方法之一是共享经验。国际美食节、以世界各地活动为特色的体育联盟,以及借鉴不同文化的健康与保健项目等活动,都是将人们聚集在一起的极好方式。由此可知,这一段主要讲了“计划社区活动”,故选A。
38.E 考查段中解释句和逻辑关系。根据本段主题句Think outside the box.(跳出固有思维模式。)和下文Many of us get caught up in our own routines and practices and forget that there are other ways of doing things.(我们中的许多人陷入了自己的日常事务和习俗中,忘记了还有其他的做事方式。)可知,设空处既解释说明主题句,又要引出下文,因此,E选项“学习不同的文化和习俗可以打开我们的思维,进入一个全新的生活方式。”切题,故选E。
39.F 考查段尾句和逻辑关系。由上文Try talking to different community members, ranging from youths to seniors, to understand their opinions of the world.(试着和不同的社区成员交谈,从年轻人到老年人,以了解他们对世界的看法。)可知,该空承接上文,F选项“邀请不同文化的个人参与社区规划,以确保每个声音都能被听到。”切题,故选F。
40.G 考查段尾句和逻辑关系。该空承接上文,G选项“这些职位提供了一个认识新面孔和与社区成员建立关系的机会。”切题,故选G。
第三部分 语言运用(共两节,满分30分) 第一节 (共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分)
阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
(2020北京丰台期中联考) One evening, Mr. Green was driving his car along a lonely country road. He had drawn $10,000 from the bank in town. Suddenly a man in rags (衣衫褴褛) stopped him and asked for 41 . Mr. Green told him to get in and continued on his way. 42 he talked to the man, Mr. Green learned that he had just broken out of prison. Mr. Green was very afraid at the thought of his 43 . Suddenly he saw a police-car and had a 44 idea. He put on speed and drove as quickly as possible. Then he found the police car running 45 him. After a mile or so, the police car passed him and 46 him to stop. A policeman came up. Mr. Green had hoped to tell him about the trouble but the man put a gun to Mr. Green＇s 47 . The policeman said he wanted Mr. Green＇s name and 48 and Mr. Green told him. The policeman wrote them down in his notebook and put it in his 49 . “You must go to the police station,” he said. Then he talked to Mr. Green about dangerous 50 . Mr. Green started up his car again. He had 51 all hope of his $10,000, but as he reached a more lonely part, the man said he wanted to 52 . Mr. Green stopped and the man said, “Thank you. You＇ve been so 53 to me. This is what I can do in 54 .” And he handed Mr. Green the policeman＇s 55 which he stole while the policeman was talking to Mr. Green. 41.A.money
B.help
C.a lift
D.a book 42.A.As
B.Since
C.Then
D.Because 43.A.family
B.thief
C.car
D.money 44.A.fast
B.bright
C.strange
D.bad 45.A.behind
B.with
C.after
D.beside 46.A.allowed B.ordered
C.advised
D.permitted 47.A.nose
B.shoulder
C.back
D.neck 48.A.job
B.home
C.place
D.address 49.A.car
B.pocket
C.hand
D.trousers 50.A.swimming B.running
C.drinking D.driving 51.A.held out
B.built up
C.given up D.turned over 52.A.run awa
B.break away
C.set out
D.get off 53.A.kind
B.polite
C.known
D.necessary 54.A.all B.fact
C.return
D.the end 55.A.gun
B.pen
C.money
D.notebook 答案 41.C 句意:突然,一个衣衫褴褛的人拦住他,要求搭车。money钱;help帮助;a lift搭便车;a book一本书。根据上文可知,格林先生正在小路上开车,一个衣衫褴褛的人拦住了他,这个人是想搭格林先生的车。故选C。
42.A 句意:当格林先生和那个人谈话时,他得知那个人刚从监狱里逃出来。as当……时候;since因为;then然后;because因为。根据下文Mr. Green learned that he had just broken out of prison可知,两个人在车上聊天的时候,格林先生了解到这个人刚从监狱里逃出来。故选A。
43.D 句意:格林先生一想到他的钱就很害怕。
family家庭;thief小偷;car汽车;money钱。根据上文He had drawn $10,000 from the bank in town.可知,格林先生身上有一万美金,他害怕这个人会抢劫他,因此一想到他的钱就害怕起来。故选D。
44.B 句意:突然,他看到一辆警车,有了一个好主意。
fast快的;bright明亮的,聪明的;strange奇怪的;bad坏的。结合后文事情的经过可知,格林先生有了一个好主意。故选B。
45.C 句意:然后他发现警车在追他。
behind在……后面;with和;after在……之后;beside在……旁边。结合上文He put on speed and drove as quickly as possible.可知,格林先生故意超速,因此引来了警车在后面追他。run after“追赶”,故选C。
46.B 句意:过了一英里左右,警车从他身边驶过,命令他停车。
allow允许;order命令;advise建议;permit允许。结合上文可知,格林先生超速,因此警车是命令他停车。故选B。
47.C 句意:格林先生本想告诉他发生了什么事,但那人用枪指着格林先生的后背。
nose鼻子;shoulder肩膀;back后背;neck脖子。结合上文the man put a gun可知,格林先生被那个越狱的人用枪指着后背,不敢对警察说出实情。逃犯指着格林先生后背不易被警察发现。故选C。
48.D 句意:警察说他想知道格林先生的姓名和地址,格林先生告诉了他。
job工作;home家庭;place地方;address地址。结合上文Mr. Green＇s name and可知,警察要了格林先生的名字和住址。故选D。
49.B 句意:警察把它们记在笔记本上,放在口袋里。
car汽车;pocket口袋;hand手;trousers裤子。故选B。
50.D 句意:然后他和格林先生谈了危险驾驶的问题。
swimming游泳;running奔跑;drinking喝;driving驾驶。结合上文可知,格林先生是因为超速被警察命令停车的,因此是谈论危险驾驶的问题。故选D。
51.C 句意:他已经放弃了对那1万美元的所有希望,但当他开到一个更偏僻的地方时,这个人说想下车。
hold out坚持,伸出;build up建立;give up放弃;turn over移交。结合后文all hope of his $10,000可知,格林先生报警失败了,以为逃犯肯定会拿走自己的钱,因此放弃了对那1万美元的所有希望。故选C。
52.D 句意见上题。
run away逃跑;break away逃脱;set out出发;get off下车。根据下文Mr. Green stopped可知,逃犯想要下车,因此格林先生停了车。故选D。
53.A kind友善的;polite礼貌的;known知名的;necessary必要的。结合下文逃犯偷了笔记本可知,逃犯认为格林先生对自己很友善。故选A。
54.C 句意:这就是我所能回报你的。
all全部;fact事实;return返回;the end结束。结合下文逃犯偷了警察的笔记本给格林先生可知,逃犯是想回报格林先生,in return“作为报答;回报”。故选C。
55.D 句意:他把警察的笔记本递给格林先生,那是他在警察和格林先生谈话时偷的。
gun枪支;pen钢笔;money钱;notebook笔记本。结合上文The policeman wrote them down in his notebook可知,逃犯偷了警察记下格林先生信息的笔记本作为回报。故选D。
第二节 (共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分)
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
(2020山东省实验中学期中) As a new reporter, Zhou Yang is more than 56 (delight) at his first-day experience in China Daily, 57 important and popular English newspaper. He is eager to go out on a story, 58 he can＇t get the 59 (approve) of his new boss Hu Xin, because he is merely a green hand. Now Hu Xin is instructing him how to be a good reporter. In the very beginning, he will work as an assistant to an experienced journalist to become 60 (technical) good.Later,only if he acquires 61 (many) skills than expected can he cover a story on his own. Besides, he is supposed to be curious, for there are many cases 62 reporters should ask many different questions so that they can get necessary information. Of course,it is vital for a reporter to have a “nose” 63 a good story, knowing if someone is telling the truth. And while interviewing people, a reporter must listen to the answers carefully. If possible, a reporter can record the interview in case he 64 (accuse) of getting the wrong end of the stick. Last but not least, make sure to submit the article in time so as not 65 (miss)the deadline. After hearing Hu Xin＇s advice, Zhou Yang is looking forward to his first assignment very much. 答案 56.delighted 考查形容词。根据空前的系动词is可知此处应用形容词作表语,表示主语的感受,应用-ed形式的形容词,故填delighted。
57.an 考查冠词。此处指一份重要的而且受欢迎的英文报纸,应用不定冠词表泛指,important是以元音音素开头的单词,所以应用an。
58.but 考查连词。“他很想出去采访”和下句“没能得到新老板胡欣的同意”之间是转折关系,所以应用but表转折。
59.approval 考查名词。根据空前的冠词the可知应用名词形式,故填approval。
60.technically 考查副词。根据空后的形容词good可知应用副词修饰形容词,故填technically。
61.more 考查比较级。根据后面的than可知此处应用many的比较级more。
62.where 考查定语从句。根据先行词cases可知,应用关系副词where在从句中作地点状语。
63.for 考查介词。短语have a nose for...意为“发现(或辨别)事物的能力”,故填for。
64.is accused 考查时态和语态。因为叙述的是客观情况,所以是一般现在时,动词accuse与he是被动关系,所以用一般现在时的被动语态,故填is accused。
65.to miss 考查动词不定式。根据空前的so as not可知,此处应用动词不定式,so as not to do sth.意为“为了不去做某事”,故填to miss。
第四部分 写作(共两节,满分40分) 第一节 应用文写作(满分15分) (2020广东深圳期中) 假定你叫李华,你的朋友Linda感到生活不快乐、不健康、有压力,可又不知道如何改变自己的生活方式,于是写信给你,请求你给她提些建议(advice)。请你根据以下内容给Linda写一封回信(80词左右)。
1.要有足够的睡眠(sleep),至少8小时,这样才能精力充沛(energetic); 2.多锻炼是非常重要的; 3.多吃水果和蔬菜,禁止吃垃圾食品(junk food); 4.学习之余听听音乐可以减轻压力; 5.尽可能微笑,它会帮助你快乐、忘记烦恼。
答案 One possible version: Dear Linda, If you want to be healthy and happy, you need to have a healthy lifestyle. I have some advice for you and I hope you will follow all of it. As a young student, you need to get enough sleep, so try to go to bed earlier every night. Sleep for at least 8 hours every day, which will help you be active and energetic. Doing more exercise is also very important and you should remember to eat more vegetables and fruit. Meanwhile, you mustn＇t eat junk food. You can listen to music sometimes after studying, which can reduce your stress. Smiling as often as possible can help you stay happy and forget your troubles. Sincerely yours, Li Hua 第二节 读后续写(满分25分)
阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。
(2020山东济南外国语学校期中) Mo was waiting in the corridor outside the exam room. She was feeling sick. She had two exams that day and physics was first. She really hated physics. It was her worst subject. Mary looked back at her from the front of the line, and then looked away quickly. Mo thought she looked guilty. She didn＇t have a problem with physics, and she didn＇t have a problem with anything...Miss Perfect! “Hi, Mo, it＇s your favorite exam today,” said Nima, laughing as she joined the line. Mary was looking at Mo again. “So what＇s wrong with her?” asked Nima. “I thought you were friends.” “Yes, so did I,” said Mo. “But she hasn＇t spoken to me for two weeks. She promised to help me review for the physics exam too, but then she＇s ignored all my calls and texts. And when I rang her house, her mum just told me she was busy. She＇s forgotten who her friend is!” said Mo angrily. “Are you listening to me?” Mr. Reed was talking to the class and the other students were going into the exam room. Mo gave Nima a worried look and followed them. Mo couldn＇t answer the fifth question. She looked up and saw Mary sitting two rows in front of her. Mo couldn＇t believe it!Mary was holding her phone on her knee under the table and reading from it. Was that how Mary always got such good grades?She felt really angry at Mary, but she didn＇t know what to do. She thought about telling the teacher, but what would everyone else think of her?“Stop writing and put your pens down,” said Mr. Reed as he started to collect the exam papers. Oh no, Mo hadn＇t answered two of the questions. She was going to fail again! Mo wanted to talk to Mary at lunch time, but she couldn＇t find her anywhere. The next exam was history. That was Mo＇s favorite subject but she wasn＇t feeling good. Mo went to the library to study, but she couldn＇t concentrate. She didn＇t know what to do about Mary. She thought about telling the teacher, but everyone would hate her if she did that. “It isn＇t fair!” she thought. “Mary was getting good grades by cheating all that time,” Mo thought. Just then, Mr. Reed walked past her table. “Mr. Reed...” Mo was sitting behind Mary again in the history exam that afternoon. Mo was feeling terrible. Why had she told Mr. Reed?But it was too late now. And anyway, Mary didn＇t want to be her friend!Mr. Reed wanted her to look at him and nod if she saw that Mary was cheating in the exam. 注意:续写词数应为150左右。
答案 One possible version: Paragraph 1: She was working on the last question when she saw that Mary had her phone under the table. Though feeling uneasy and restless, she looked at Mr. Reed and nodded. With her eyes glued to the phone, it was until the teacher patted her on the back that Mary noticed Mr. Reed. Immediately, Mary was asked to leave. Mary rushed out of the exam room, crying all the way. Instead of feeling relaxed, Mo had ants in her pants. She felt guilty about telling Mr. Reed about it, which had resulted in Mary＇s not finishing her exam. Paragraph 2: Mo was walking towards the school gate, when she heard footsteps behind her. It was Mary who had just come out of the teacher＇s office. Feeling embarrassed, Mo wanted to run away. Nevertheless, Mary stopped her and said, “Mo, I＇m sorry I haven＇t kept my promise to help you review, but my father has been badly ill for two weeks. Today he had a significant operation. I was so worried about him that I kept on reading the texts on the phone sent by my mother to get the latest news about him, so Mr. Reed forgave me. Can you forgive me?” “Of course!Let＇s go to the hospital to see your father,” Mo couldn＇t wait to reply.
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