Section Ⅲ Grammar——过去分词作定语和表语
[ 语法图解]
[ 探究发现] ①But he became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people exposed to cholera. ②So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak. ③He became interested in two theories that possibly explained how cholera killed people.
④From the stomach the disease quickly attacked the body and soon the affected person died. ⑤He was determined to find out why. ⑥He found that it came from the river polluted by the dirty water from London. ⑦He immediately told the astonished people in Broad Street to
remove the handle from the pump so that it could not be used. ⑧With this extra evidence John Snow was able to announce with certainty that polluted water carried the virus. [我的发现] (1)例句①②④⑥⑦⑧中的过去分词(短语)作定语。
(2)例句②④⑦⑧中为单个的过去分词作定语，常常放于被修饰名词的前面；例句①⑥中过去分词短语作定语，常常放于被修饰名词的后面。
(3)例句③⑤中的过去分词在句中作表语。
一、过去分词作定语 1．过去分词作定语时的位置 (1)前置定语 一般情况下，单个过去分词作前置定语，即放在所修饰词之前。
The polluted water was to blame for the spread of cholera. 被污染的水造成了霍乱的传播。
The recovered animals will be released soon. 痊愈的动物会很快被释放。
[名师点津] ①有些过去分词表示特定含义时，单独作定语也可放在所修饰的名词之后，如 left(剩余的)，given(所给的)，concerned(有关的)等。
There are few tigers left. It is time for the departments concerned to take measures to protect them from dying out. 剩余的老虎不多了，是相关部门采取措施保护它们免遭灭绝的时候了。
②如果被修饰的词是由every/some/any/no与thing/body/one所构成的复合代词或指示代词 those 等，单个分词放在被修饰词的后面。
Is there anything unsolved?
还有什么没解决的吗？ (2)后置定语 过去分词短语作定语时往往作后置定语，即放在所修饰词之后，它的作用相当于一个定语从句。
Last Tuesday in a mountainous area, there were a total of 173 sheep killed almost immediately (＝which were killed almost immediately) when lightning struck. 上周二在一个山区，当雷击发生时有 173 只羊即刻被雷电击死。
[ 即时演练 1]
(1)用所给词的适当形式填空 ①The time spent (spend) on business matters can never be recovered. ②To return to the problem of water pollution, I"d like you to look at a study conducted
(conduct) in Australia in 2012. ③The adobe dwellings (土坯房) built
(build) by the Pueblo Indians of the American Southwest are admired by even the most modern architects and engineers. (2)同义句转换 ①He is a teacher loved by his students. →He is a teacher
who_is_loved_by_his_students. ②The girl, who was brought up by her uncle, has begun to work now. →The girl, brought_up_by_her_uncle,_has begun to work now. 2．过去分词作定语时的意义 (1)及物动词的过去分词作定语，在语态上表示被动；在时间上，常表示动作已经发生或完成，有时也不表示时间性。
Trucks and buses were driven on gas carried in large bags on the roof.(表示被动) 卡车与公共汽车皆烧煤气，煤气装在车顶上的大袋中。
The plan put forward at the meeting will be carried out soon.(表示被动和完成)
会上提出的计划将很快被执行。
(2)不及物动词的过去分词作定语，它不表示被动意义，只强调动作完成。
Our retired soccer coach went to watch us play a game last week. 上周我们已退休的足球教练去看我们打了一场比赛。
The risen sun is shining brightly in the morning. 早上已升起的太阳正明亮地闪耀。
[ 即时演练 2]
选择填空 过去分词作定语有三种情况：
A．只表示被动 B．只表示完成 C．既表示被动又表示完成 请判断下列句子中加黑部分属于哪种情况 ①America is a developed country.__B__
②I found it hard to understand the English spoken by the native villagers.__A__
③Is there anything planned for the weekend？__C__
3.过去分词与现在分词作定语的区别
意义 形式 语态 时态 过去分词 被动 完成 现在分词 主动 进行 As we all know, China is a developing country. 众所周知，中国是一个发展中国家。
The visitor came from a developed country. 这位游客来自一个发达国家。
[ 即时演练 3]
用分词作定语补全句子 ①Even though it is still in summer, there are many_fallen_leaves
on
the ground. 尽管仍是夏天，但地上有很多的落叶。
②Nowadays there are a lot of man-made satellites flying_in_space. 如今在太空中有许许多多人造卫星在飞行。
4．过去分词 (done)、现在分词的被动语态 (being done) 与动词不定式的被动语态 (to be done) 作定语的区别
意义 形式 语态 时态 done 被动 完成 being done 被动 进行 to be done 被动 尚未发生 The building built last year is our classroom building. 去年建造的楼是我们的教学楼。
The building being built now is our classroom building. 现在正在建造的楼是我们的教学楼。
The building to be built next month is our classroom building. 下个月将要建造的楼是我们的教学楼。
[ 即时演练 4]
用所给词的适当形式填空 ①The cars being_sold (sell) at the market now are made in Guangzhou. ②Tsinghua University, founded (found) in 1911, is home to a great number of outstanding figures. ③There are still many problems to_be_solved (solve) before we are ready for a
long stay on the moon. 二、过去分词作表语 1．过去分词作表语的用法 过去分词可放在连系动词 be, get, feel, remain, seem, look, become等之后作表语，表示主语所处的状态。
He looked worried after reading the letter.
看完信后，他显得很忧虑。
When we heard of it, we were deeply moved. 当我们听到这件事时，被深深地感动了。
[ 即时演练 5]
(1)用所给词的适当形式填空 ①—Are you sure you"re ready for the test? —No problem. I"m well prepared
(prepare) for it. ②We got a little sunburned/sunburnt
(sunburn), but the day had been so relaxing that we didn"t mind. ③While waiting for the opportunity to get promoted
(promote), Henry did his
best to perform his duty. (2)补全句子 ①Why do you always look_tired? 你为什么总是看上去很疲劳？ ②I was_disappointed
at the film I saw last night. I had expected it to be better. 我对昨晚看的电影很失望。我原以为它能好些。
2．过去分词作表语时与被动语态的区别 过去分词作表语时，强调主语所处的状态，而动词的被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，强调动作。
The cup is broken. 杯子破了。(系表结构) The cup was broken by Tom. 杯子是汤姆打破的。(被动语态) [ 即时演练 6]
对比翻译 ①这本书写得很好。
The_book_is_well_written. ②这本书是他去年写的。
The_book_was_written_by_him_last_year. 3．感觉类及物动词的现在分词与过去分词作表语的区别 英语中有很多与感觉有关的及物动词，其现在分词表示主动意义，即“令人有某种感觉的”，多用来修饰物；其过去分词含有被动意义，即“人被引起某种感觉的”，多用来指人、人的声音或表情等。
常用的这类词有：
exciting令人激动的excited激动的；兴奋的
astonishing令人惊讶的astonished惊讶的 surprising令人吃惊的surprised感到吃惊的
discouraging令人沮丧的discouraged感到沮丧的 delighting令人高兴的delighted高兴的
disappointing令人失望的disappointed感到失望的 encouraging令人鼓舞的encouraged受到鼓舞的
frightening令人害怕的frightened吓坏了的 interesting令人感兴趣的interested感兴趣的
moving感人的moved受感动的 pleasing令人高兴的pleased满意的
shocking令人震惊的shocked感到震惊的 tiring令人疲劳的tired感到疲劳的
worrying令人担心的worried感到担心的 satisfying令人满意的satisfied感到满意的
puzzling令人迷惑的puzzled感到迷惑的 We were surprised at what he said at the meeting. 我们对他在会上讲的话很是惊讶。
His words were discouraging, which made many people discouraged. 他的话令人泄气，使得很多人灰心丧气。
[ 即时演练 7]
用所给词的适当形式填空 ①The frightened look on her face suggested that she was frightened
by the frightening scene.(frighten) ②The news was exciting and they were all excited
at it.(excite) ③We all felt encouraged at the encouraging
news.(encourage) ④The audience were all moved to tears by the moving
film.(move)
Ⅰ.用所给词的适当形式填空 1．Jim has retired, but he still remembers the happy time spent (spend) with his students. 2．I was the first Western TV reporter permitted
(permit) to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild. 3．A study of travelers conducted
(conduct) by the website TripAdvisor names Yangshuo as one of the top 10 destinations in the world. 4．We were very shocked
when we heard the shocking
news. (shock) 5．Studies show that students often exposed
(expose) to too much pressure tend to develop mental problems. 6．The new books being_printed
(print) in the factory now are mainly intended for children. 7．Most of the artists invited
(invite) to the party were from South Africa. 8．When I got home, I found that the door remained locked
(lock)． 9．I think the problem just now referred
(refer) to is an important one. 10．When autumn comes, the ground is covered
(cover) with fallen
(fall) leaves. Ⅱ.句型转换
1．He didn"t turn up at the meeting held yesterday. →He didn"t turn up at the meeting that/which was held
yesterday.(定语从句) 2．I borrowed a novel which was written by Mo Yan from the library. →I borrowed a novel written by Mo Yan
from the library.(过去分词作定语) 3．We called on the soldier who was wounded in the battle. →We called on the soldier wounded in the battle.(过去分词作定语) 4．He shows an interest in collecting stamps. →He is interested in
collecting stamps.(过去分词作表语) 5．What she said puzzled him. →He was/felt puzzled at
what she said.(过去分词作表语)