英语二轮复习必考点知识点+习题+解析——词性转化及词性变化

 3. 词性转化 及词性变化

 常考考点:

 形容词→副词 wide→widely 形容词→形容词比较级/最高级 wide→wider/widest 形容词→名词 wide→width 形容词→动词 wide→widen 动词→名词 instruct→instruction(s) 特殊变性 happy→happily ,simple→simply true→truly ,arrange→arrangement judge→judgment

  1.This is

  (particular) true in the US. 【答案】particularly 【解析】考查副词。句意:在美国尤其如此。此处修饰形容词 true应用副词,故填 particularly。

 2.The

  (beauty) long branches covered with pink-colored buds(蓓蕾)

 make fantastic decorations. 【答案】beautiful 【解析】考查形容词。根据 The _______ long branches,可判断此处为形容词修饰名词 branches,故填 beautiful。

 3.Historical

 (accurate) is important but so is entertainment.

 【答案】accuracy 【解析】考查名词。根据空格前的形容词 Historical 与空格后的系动词 is,判断此处需用名词形式,故填 accuracy。

  4.Landing on the moon’s far side is

  (extreme) challenging.

 【答案】extremely 【解析】考查形容词。根据句子成分分析可知此处需要用副词修饰形容词 challenging,故填 extremely。

 5.Her years of hard work have _____(final) been acknowledged after a customer nominated(提名) her to be Cheshire’s Woman Of The Year. 【答案】finally 【解析】考查副词用法。根据空格所处位置可知,此处应用副词形式作状语,修饰谓语动词 have been acknowledged,意为最终得以认可,故填 finally。

 6.It is difficult to figure out a global population of polar bears as much of the range has been

 (poor) studied. 【答案】poorly 【解析】考查副词用法。根据句意和结构分析可知,此处用副词 poorly

 修饰谓语动词 has been studied,意为研究很少。故填 poorly。

 7.Other American studies showed no

 (connect) between uniforms and school performance. 【答案】connection/connections 【解析】考查名词。句意:其他的美国研究表明校服和在学校的表现之间没有联系。no 是形容词,形容词修饰名词,位于名词前,名词可用复数也可用单数形式。connect 是动词,“联系”的意思,因此,要用其名词形式。故填 connection/connections。

 8.School uniforms are

  (tradition) in Britain, but some schools are starting to get rid of them. 【答案】traditional 【解析】考查形容词。句意:穿校服在英国是一个传统,但是一些学校开始允许学生上学不用穿校服。are 是系动词,其后常用形容词作表语,tradition 是名词,因此,用其形容词形式。故填 traditional。

 【技巧点拨】

 当空格处所需词类与括号中所给词的词类不同时,就需要词类转化。我们可据以下 3 条规则顺利解题:

 (1)作主语或宾语用名词形式; (2)作定语、表语或补足语用形容词形式; (3)修饰动词、形容词或另一副词,作状语,用副词形式。

 具体解题技巧如下:

 第一步:分析结构,确定要填的词在句中充当哪种句子成分。在名词前作定语、在系动词后作表语、作主语和宾语的补足语,一般要用形容词;修饰动词、形容词或副词,或修饰整个句子,作状语,用副词;作主语或宾语用名词,或者在冠词、形容词性物主代词或名词所有格后,用名词。

 第二步:根据构词法将括号中的词变成所需要的词类。

 注意:

 1.有时不但要注意词性转换,而且还要考虑用表示相反意义的前缀或后缀,其逻辑意义才通顺; 2.当所给词的词性与空格处所需词的词性相同时,无需改变词性,就可能是加只改变词义但不改变词性的前缀了。

 一、词性转化填空

 1. More and more people were gathering there. He ______(shoulder) his way through the crowd and rushed into the burning house. 2. No one ______(nose) the danger before the earthquake. 3. The car couldn’t move forward and ______(back) through the gate. 4. When I entered his room, I saw him ______(paper) the wall. 5. He often ______(oil) the machine to make sure it can perform smoothly. 6. Mum ______(nurse) me for three weeks after I had my leg broken in a football match. 7. He used to ______(brother) me and gave me a lot of help.

 8. The museum ______(house) a collection of famous paintings. 9. The dog ______(mouth) a piece of meat from the butcher’s and ran away quickly. 10. It was this little girl who ______(finger) the thief yesterday. 【答案】

 1. shouldered

 2. nosed

 3. backed

 4. papering 5. oils 6. has nursed

 7. brother

 8. houses

 9. mouthed 10. fingered 【解析】

 1.考查构词法。句意:越来越多的人在那里聚集。他用肩膀挤着穿过人群,冲进着火的房子。shoulder 在此处为动词,意为:用肩膀推开,挤;shoulder one’s way through 意为用肩膀挤着穿过去。根据空前一句中的were以及后面的rushed可知,用一般过去时。故填shouldered。

 2.考查构词法。句意:地震前,没有人察觉到危险。此句中的 nose作动词,意为嗅到,察觉到,根据句意可知,此处描述的是过去的事情,应使用一般过去时。故填 nosed。

 3.考查构词法。句意:车不能向前开了,就从大门倒了出去。back 由名词转化为动词,意为后退;根据前半句 couldn’t 可知表示过去的动作,用一般过去时。故填 backed。

 4.考查构词法。句意:当我进入他的房间时,我看到他正在用纸糊墙。paper 由名词转化为动词,意为用墙纸裱糊(墙壁)。see sb. doing...:看见某人正在做……,用 doing 作宾语补足语。故填 papering。

 5.考查构词法。句意:他经常给机器上油润滑以确保机器能够平稳地运转。oil 由名词转化为动词,意为给……用油润滑。根据 often 可知用一般现在时,表示经常发生的情况。故填 oils。

 6.考查构词法。句意:我在一场足球比赛中摔断腿后,母亲护理了我三个星期。nurse 由名词转化为动词,意为护理,看护;根据时间状语 for three weeks 可知用现在完成时,故填 has nursed。

 7.考查构词法。句意:他过去视我为兄弟,并给予了我很多帮助。brother名词转化为动词,意为:兄弟般地对待,视……为兄弟。used to do...“过去常常做……”,后接动词原形,故填 brother。

 8.考查构词法。句意:这个博物馆收藏了一批名画藏品。此句中 house用作动词,意为:收藏、容纳,把……储藏在房内。根据语境用一般现在时表示客观事实。故填 houses。

 9.考查构词法。句意:那只狗从肉店衔了一块肉就迅速跑开了。此处mouth 动词,意为:把……放入嘴内,根据后半句 ran away 可知用一般过去时。故填 mouthed。

 10.考查构词法。句意:昨天是这个小女孩告发了这个小偷。finger 在此用作动词,意为:向警方告发;此句为强调句型,根据 yesterday判断用一般过去时。故填 fingered。

  二、语法填空

 Passage 1 I have a warm story to share with you. A school in San Francisco not

 only accepted a deaf student, but also

  1

 (teach) the entire class sign language to allow them to better communicate with him. The moving story began in September last year

  2

  a woman asked the primary school in her neighborhood

  3

 (accept)

 her six-year-old son, James, who has a hearing

  4

 (disable). The teacher, Lily, agreed almost immediately,

  5

  on the first day of school, she noticed James

  6

 (sit)all by himself, unable to communicate with any of his classmates. Lily,

  7

 (determine) to find a way out, tried developing a few signs of her own. But a parent of another child came up

  8

  an even better idea — getting the whole class to learn sign language along with James. So they got a sign language teacher on board, and three months later, James was able to communicate

  9

 (happy) with all his classmates about regular things like homework and

  10

 (game). 【答案】

 1. taught

 2. when

  3. to accept

 4. disability

 5. but 6. sitting

 7. determined

 8. with

  9. happily

  10. games 【解析】本文是一篇记叙文,讲述了一个感人的故事:一个失聪儿童得到了老师和同学的帮助,大家使用手语进行交流。

 1.考查时态。句意:旧金山的一所聋哑学校不仅接收了一个聋哑学生,

 而且还教全班同学手语,让他们更好地交流。not only...but also...连接并列的成分,前一个分句用一般过去时,后一个分句也应用一般过去时,故填 taught。

 2.考查定语从句。句意:这个感人的故事开始于去年 9 月,当时一名妇女请求她所在社区的一所小学接收她 6 岁的儿子 James。先行词为September last year,指时间,关系词在定语从句中作时间状语,故填when。

 3.考查不定式。ask sb. to do sth 表示请求某人做某事,故填 to accept。

 4.考查名词。句意:她 6 岁的儿子 James 有听力障碍。此处用名词作宾语,故填 disability。

 5.考查连词。句意:Lily 老师一口就答应了,但是开学第一天她注意到一个问题,James 总是一个人坐在那儿,不与任何人交流。根据句意可知前后是转折关系,故填 but。

 6.考查非谓语动词。notice sb. doing sth.:注意到某人正在做某事,此处表示老师注意到 James 总是一个人坐在那儿,故填 sitting。

 7.考查形容词。句意:Lily 老师决心找到一个解决办法。be determined to do sth.:决心做某事,此处是形容词短语作状语,故填 determined。

 8.考查固定短语。句意:但另一个孩子的家长想出了一个更好的主意,那就是让全班同学和 James 一起学习手语。come up with 表示想出(主意等),故填 with。

 9.考查副词。句意:三个月后,James 能够愉快地和同学们交流像家庭作业和游戏这样常规的事情。修饰动词 communicate 用副词,故填

 happily。

 10.考查名词。game 作“游戏”讲时是可数名词,此处用复数表示泛指,故填 games。

 Passage 2 Most of us have recently experienced quarantine(隔离) to minimize the risk of meeting somebody who may be carrying the virus. It is certain

  11

  being under quarantine is no fun. However, with our access to food,

  12

 (deliver) services and the entertainment

  13

 (offer) by the internet, we’re actually very lucky. Let’s take a quick look at the history of quarantines. The idea of quarantining sick people dates

  14

  ancient times. Yet the word “quarantine” first came into use in the 14th century Europe during the Black Death. People were dropping like flies from the mysterious disease, and as the death toll climbed into the millions — eventually killing

  15

 (approximate) half of the European population, cities began to take

  16

 (measure) to protect their citizens. The port city of Venice, Italy, was an important trading center with ships

  17

 (come) from all corners of the Earth every day. If a ship

  18

 (suspect) to be harboring the plague(瘟疫), it was sent to

  19

  offshore quarantine and ordered to wait there for 40 days when those abroad either

 recovered, or

  20

 (likely), died. The waiting period gave rise to the term quarantinario, from the Italian word for 40. 【答案】

 11. that

 12. delivery

 13. offered

  14. from

 15. approximately 16. measures 17. coming

 18. was suspected 19. an

 70. more likely 【解析】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了隔离感染病毒的人的想法是如何产生的,它源于 14 世纪欧洲的黑死病,为保护人们的生命,城市采取了隔离措施。

 11.考查主语从句的连接词。句意:可以肯定的是,隔离是没有乐趣的。分析句子结构可知,空格处引导主语从句,it 是形式主语,从句中语意和成分都是完整的,应使用 that 引导主语从句。故填 that。

 12.考查名词。句意:但是,幸运的是,我们可以通过互联网订购食物,还可以享受互联网提供的送货服务和娱乐服务。deliver的名词作定语修饰 services,意为送货服务,它是不可数名词,不需要变复数。故填 delivery。

 13.考查过去分词。offer 在句子中不是谓语动词,entertainment承受 offer 的动作,因此 offer 使用过去分词。此处为“with+名词+过去分词”的结构。故填 offered。

 14.考查固定短语。句意:隔离病人的想法可以追溯到远古时代。

 date from 是固定短语,意为追溯到。故填 from。

 15.考查副词。句意:人们在这种神秘疾病中像苍蝇一样死去,死亡人数攀升至数百万,最终造成约一半欧洲人口丧生,城市开始采取措施保护其公民。approximate 的副词在句子中作状语修饰 killing。故填 approximately。

 16.考查名词的数。take measures 是固定短语,意为采取措施,measure(措施)是可数名词。故填 measures。

 17.考查非谓语动词。句意:意大利的港口城市威尼斯是重要的贸易中心,每天都有来自地球各个角落的船只。此处为“with+名词+现在分词”的结构,ships 发出 come 的动作,因此 come应该使用现在分词的形式。故填 coming。

 18.考查时态和语态。句意:如果怀疑有船感染了瘟疫,则将其送到离岸隔离区,并下令在那里等待 40 天,以等待其康复或死亡。本句描述的是过去的事情,从句的谓语动词使用一般过去时,主语 a ship 为单数意义,动词使用单数形式并且主语承受 suspect的动作,因此 suspect 还要使用被动语态。故填 was suspected。

 19.考查冠词。此处表示泛指一个离岸隔离区,offshore 是以元音音素开头的单词,应使用不定冠词 an。故填 an。

 20.考查副词的比较级。either 和 or 连接的词语 recovered 和 died具有相反的意义,感染瘟疫的人是很可能死去的,此处使用比较级表示死亡的可能性之大。故填 more likely。

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