mla论文格式模板

  mla 论文格式模板

 【篇一: mla 论文格式】

 正文主体两边对齐,双倍行距,标题小三号,正文小四号字,全部

 使用 times new roman

 cross-referencing in mla format

 quotation format 引用格式

 ? 引用任何不是自己的想法 /观点时

 when quoting any words that are not your own

 ? 总结某一出处的事实和观点时

 when summarizing facts and ideas from a source

 ? 总结是指从某一来源的大篇幅资料中提取想法,并用自己的语言 压缩。

 summarizing means to take ideas from a large passage of another source and condense them, using your own words ? 解释某些资料时

 when paraphrasing a source

 ? 解释是指使用某些来源的观点,但是用自己的话来表达,格式发 生改变。

 paraphrasing means to use the ideas from another source but change the phrasing into your own words 有以上的情况时,都要使用加注形式!即来源作者的性与来源的页 码必须出现在你的论文中。

 you should use parenthetical citations! that is:

 author ' s last name and page number(s) of quote mu st appear

 in the text

 比如:引号中的内容

 romantic poetry is characterized by the “ spontaneous

 overflow of powerful feelings ” (wordsworth 263这).句话没有指 出引文作者是谁,所以括号中要有作者的姓 +页码。

 wordsworth stated that romantic poetry was marked by a

 “ spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings ” (2这6句3).话中已

 经有了引文是谁说的,所以后面括号加注只有引文的页码 你文章中有多处引文,作者同姓不同名的,将名字缩写放在姓之前: more than one author with the same last name

 (w. wordsworth 23); (d. wordsworth 224) (joyce, portrait 121); (joyce, ulysses 556)

 多卷作品的不同卷次,先说卷次,然后冒号,然后页码 different volumes of a multivolume work

 (1: 336) 不是直接引用某一作者的材料,比如这是 johnson 说的话,但是是 在 boswell 的书里面出现的 johnson 的话。先列出引文作者的姓, 然后用 qtd. in ,然后说出引文所在书的作者的姓,然后卷次,冒号, 页码。

 citing indirect sources

 (johnson qtd. in boswell 2:450) 诗歌引用: 标出行数,不用页码 in “ trumpet player, ” hughes says that the music “is honey /

 mixed with liquid fire ” (lines

 19-20). this image returns at the end of the poem, when

 hughes concludes that “ trouble / mellows to a golden not - ” (43

 44).

 注意首次引用时用 lines ,再次引用时可以省略该词。

 戏剧和长篇诗歌:不用页码,而使用作品中的幕、场次、章节

 ( act, scene, canto, book, part )和行。在以下示例中,阿拉伯数 字用来表示幕和场次以及行数: (hamlet 2.3.22-27). 对长篇诗歌来说 也是一样,如拜伦的《唐璜》: (dj 1.37.4-8).

 下面是后面 bibliography 的格式 作者先排姓,再写名字,然后按姓氏的字母顺序来排。

 第一行不用缩进,如果延续到第二行,第二行缩进 5 个字符。

 书名、杂志名称用斜体,文章名称用双引号 里面的月份,除了 may, june, july 之外,全部月份名称都要缩写。

 bibliography

 dickens, charles. bleak house. 1852-1853. new york: penguin, 1985.

 . david copperfield. 1849-1850. new york: houghton mifflin company, 1958.

 miller, j. hillis. charles dickens: the world and his novels. bloomington: u of indiana p, 1958. zwerdling, alex. “ esther

 summerson rehabilitated. ” pmla 88 (may 1973): 429 -439.

 具体范例:

 sample examples:

 book 从书中引用的,将书的作者列出,姓氏在前,逗号,名字在后, 句点,然后书名斜体,句点,然后出版社所在地,冒号,出版社名 字,逗号,出版年,句点。

 byatt, a. s. babel tower. new york: random house, 1996.

 article in a magazine 从杂志中引用文章的,将文章的作者列出, 姓氏在前,逗号,名字在后,句点,然后文章名字用双引号括起来, 句点在里面,然后杂志名字斜体,出版日月年,冒号,文章是从多 少页到多少页。

 klein, joe. “ dizzy days. ” the new yorker 5 oct. 1998: 4-045.

 web page 从网上下载的,将文章的作者列出,姓氏在前,逗号, 名字在后,句点,然后文章名字用双引号括起来,句点在里面,网 址名称斜体,文章创建及存在的日期(日月年),句点,网站全名 及其建立者(往往与网站名称相同),句点,以及你见到此文的日 期(日月年),单引号网址。

 poland, dave. “ the hot button. ” roughcut. 26 oct. 1998. turner network television. 28 oct.

 a newspaper article 从报纸中引用文章的,将文章的作者列出, 姓氏在前,逗号,名字在后,句点,然后文章名字用双引号括起来, 句点在里面,然后报纸名字斜体,出版日月年,冒号,版面名称。

 tommasini, anthony. “ master teachers whose artistry glows in private. ” new york times 27 oct.

 1998: b2.

 a source with no known author 不知道作者的文章,将文章名字

 用双引号括起来,句点在里面,然后报纸名字斜体,出版日月年, 冒号,版面名称。

 “ cigarette sales fall 30% as california tax rises. ” new york

 times 14 sept. 1999: a17.

 互联网杂志文章:包括提供数据库服务的公司及其网址;文章的完 整日期(日月年),你看

 到的日期,为你提供网络服务的图书馆或组织机构。如果引用的是 期刊而不是杂志的话,还应有期刊的日期、卷册等。

 从中国期刊网上下载的文章应该看做正式出版的期刊文章,不当成 互联网杂志文章对待。

 '1234567890-=xcvb nm,./

 【篇二:英语专业毕业论文 mla 格式模版】

 毕业论文 mla 格式模版

 everyday use for your grandmamma

 by

 a thesis presented to the school of foreign languages china

 west normal university

 in partial fulfillment of the requirement for

 the degree of bachelor of arts

 under the supervision of prof./mr. ? may 2007

 outline

 thesis stateme nt: …

 introduction ii. alabama

 a. support to main point 1. evidence for point iia 2. more

 evidence for iia b. second support for main point 1. evidence

 for point iib a. support for this evidence

 more evidence for iib iii. conclusion

 your title goes here

 paper ha

 abstract: how to write an abstract? (the research background,

 the research method, the research results, limit it within 250 words) keywords: happy, fun, money, intelligence (3-5 words or phrases of high frequencyrelation to the thesis statement)

 the institution is responsible for the work

 (lastname 38). this template contains pre-settings for the essential features of mla format: margins, indentations, font, line spacing, and widow/orphan control ( 桂 21-26). to use this template, 冯志伟 [feng ziwei] selects file--save as (106) and saves the template under a new name. then 程曾厚 [cheng

 zenghou] uses type-over insertions to replace the header, information block, and title (68). finally, replace the text in the body of the template by using type-over insertions (doe 112

 28), or delete the body text in blocks ( “plagiarism ” ). (hint: leave

 the sample block quotation in place to preserve its paragraph indentation as a model. use type-over insertions in the bibliography to preserve the hanging indentations.) here, then,

 is a sample block quotation:

 a quotation that occupies more than four typed lines should be indented one inch (or ten spaces) from the left margin. it should be double spaced, without quotation marks at the

 beginning and end of the quoted material. its right margin should be set at 1. its parenthetical citation should be placed after the blocks last item of punctuation. (dole 16) manner' s suggests printing this template to make sure that your printer is properly configured to produce an mla page. it should produce 27 lines on this page, plus the header. maner, martin. women and eighteenth-century literature. 14 apr. 1999. wright state university.

 9 aug. 1999 . 26 jul. 2007

 程曾厚 . 普“通语言学教程选读 ”.胡明扬主编 . 西方语言学名著选(第 2 版 ).

 北京: 中国人民大学出版社 , 1999.

 冯志伟 .现代语言学流派 (修订本 ). 西安 : 桂灿昆 .索绪尔思想对美国结 构主义语言学派的影响

 【篇三: mla 论文格式】

 mla 论文格式

 1. mla 文献引用格式的基本描述:文学类论文通常使用 mla ( modern language association )格式。作者在正文中用括号夹

 注的形式注明参考文献的简要出处,即(作者姓氏 +页码)。

 ancient writers attributed the invention of the monochord to pythagoras,

 who lived in the sixth century bc (marcuse 197). 而在论文末尾的参考文献部分(按作者姓氏的字母顺序排列),则 可根据作者姓氏很容易的找出该引用文献的详细信息。包括作者信 息,书名信息,和出版信息(出版地:出版社,出版年)三个部分。

 三个部分之间用 “.分”开。

 marcuse, sibyl. a survey of musical instruments. new york: harper, 1975.

 2. 引语( quotations )的格式

 ?用方括号(squa re brackets “[])和省略号(ellipses “…)”标

 明更动原文的地方。

 ? 短于三行的一句或者短于一句的引语应该写 入正文,并且用双引号标明。

 ? 双引号表示直接引语,单引号只用来标注引语中的引语。

 ? 引语不得使用斜体或粗体来表示(书名除外)。

 在任何情况下(即使引语仅仅只有一个单词):

 ? 句末、小句末的句号和逗号都必须放在引号之内(无论单引号还 是双引号),

 ? 冒号( “ : )和分号( “ ; )都必须放在引号之外,

 ? 引文是疑问句则问号应放在引号之内,否则问号( “ ?”)应放在引

 号之外。

 ? 三行或以上的引语作为独立的引语段( block quotation )。

 ? 引语段可以用单倍行距,但其首行和末行应与正文空 1.5 行。

 ? 引语段左右两边均应较正文缩进 5 格或 1 个制表符( tab )的距离

 ? 如果引语段原为一自然段,则其首行应进一步缩进 4 至 5 格或 1 个制表符的距离。

 ? 引语段的段首和段尾不得使用引号。

 ? 引语段的字体必须与正文相同。

 ? 正文中的中文引文应提供英文译文。

 3.夹注( parenthetical citation )的格式:

 引文出处使用括号夹注的方法(一般不使用脚注或者尾注)。正文 中,括号夹注(作者姓氏 +页码)放在句末标点以内,但不得放在引 文的引号以内。引语段( block quotation )的括号夹注不属于单句, 因而不得将其放在句末的标点以内。直接引语都必须标明页码,以 便读者查找。

 引用整篇文献的观点 引用整篇文献(即全书或全文)观点时一般不用标注页码,有两种 情况,

 ? 一种是作者的姓氏在正文中没有出现,如:

 charlotte and emily bronte were polar opposites, not only in their

 personalities but in their sources of inspiration for writing

 (taylor).

 ? 另一种情况是作者的姓氏已在正文同一句中出现,按 mla 的规范 不需要使用括号夹注, 如:

 taylor claims that charlotte and emily bronte were polar

 opposites, not only

 in their personalities but in their sources of inspiration for

 writing.

 在英文撰写的论文中引用中文著作或者期刊,括号夹注中只需用汉 语拼音标明作者的姓氏,不得使用汉字,如:

 (fang, 12)

 3.2. 引用文献中具体观点或文字

 引用文献中某一具体观点或文字时必须注明该观点或者该段文字出 现的页码,没有页码是文献引用不规范的表现。若作者的姓氏已在 正文同一句中出现,则不需要在括号夹注中重复。

 according to marcuse, ancient writers attributed the invention

 of the

 monochord to pythagoras, who lived in the sixth century bc

 (197).

 引用多位作者写作的同一文献

 二至三位作者:

 among intentional spoonerisms, the “ punlike metathesis of

 distinctive

 features may serve to weld together words etymologically

 uelated but close in

 their sound and meaning ” (jakobson and waugh 304).

 (如果有三位作者,在括号夹注中应用逗号分隔他们的姓氏,如: (alton, davies,

 and rice 56) 。)

 the study was extended for two years, and only after results

 were reviewed

 by an independent panel did the researchers publish their findings (blaine et al. 35).

 引用同样姓氏的不同作者 假若两个或两个以上的作者有同样的姓氏,则括号夹注中应同时使 用他们名字的首字母,如:

 although some medical ethicists claim that cloning will lead to designer

 children (r. miller 12), others note that the advantages for

 medical research

 outweigh this consideration (a. miller 46).

 引用中文著作或期刊时同姓作者的情况较多,应在括号夹注中使用 他们名字的首字母加以区分,如:

 (s.r. wang 26) (j.x. wang 30)

 3 引用团体作者( corporate author ) 引用团体作者的作品,括号夹注中应使用团体的名称,如: it was apparent that the american health care system needed

 “ to be fixed and

 perhaps radically modified ” (public agenda foundation 4).

 引用无作者文献 引用无作者文献,如果文献标题没有出现在正文里,则括号夹注中 应使用该标题或者(如果标题过长的话)使用该标题中的关键词组, 如:

 an anonymous wordsworth critic once argued that his poems

 were too emotional

 ( “ wordsworth is a loser ” 100).

 在使用关键词组时应该选择标题开始部分的词组。

 无论是 mla 还是 apa 的规范,独立出版物的标题或者标题中的关键 词组用斜体标出,出版物内含的作品的名称以及未出版的作品(讲 演、论文等)的标题或者标题中的关键词组则用引号标出。

 引用书信、谈话中的观点或文字 书信和谈话(含电子邮件、访谈、电话等)无法在正文后面的参考 文献中列出,但应该在正文中使用括号夹注的方法注明出处。例如:

 jesse moore (telephone conversation, may 12, 1989) admitted

 the need for an

 in-depth analysis of the otherness expressed in the work.

 引用同一作者的多篇文献

 按 mla 规范,引用同一作者的多篇文献时,在括号夹注中应加入文 献标题中的关键词组,如:

 lightenor has argued that computers are not useful tools for

 small children

 ( “ too soon ” 38), though he has acknowledged that early exposure to computer

 games does lead to better small motor skill development

 ( “ hand-eye development ”

 17).

 或者

 computers are not useful tools for small children (lightenor,

 “ too soon ” 38),

 though he has acknowledged that early exposure to computer games does lead to

 better small motor skill development (lightenor, “-heayend

 development ” 17).

 或者

 lightenor has argued that computers are not useful tools for

 small children,

 though he has acknowledged that early exposure to computer

 games does lead to

 better small motor skill development ( “ too soon ” 38 and

 “ hand-eye

 development ” 17).

 同时引用不同作者的多篇文献 括号夹注可以包括不同作者的多篇文献,文献按作者姓氏的字母顺 序排列(注意分号的使用),如:

 the dangers of mountain lions to humans have been well

 documented

 (rychnovsky 40; seidensticker 114; williams 30).

 在 mla 的规范中,如果不同作者的多篇文献过于冗长,则不用括号 夹注,而使用脚注(见 4)。

 引用非直接文献( indirect source ) 论文应尽可能避免使用非直接文献(即二级文献 secondary

 source ),但在无法找到直接文献(即一级文献 primary source )

 的情况下,引文可以从非直接文献中析出,例如:

 samuel johnson admitted that edmund burke was an

 “ extraordinary man ”

 (qtd. in boswell 2: 450).

 (注意:“qtd. in中的字母“ i不得大写。) 引用非直接文献以后,在正文后参考文献著录中只需列入该非直接 文献的条目(即上述实例中的 “boswell ”和“murzynski degelman, 1996 ”)。

 引用文学作品和经典文献

 按 mla 的规范,有几种情况括号夹注内不标页码。

 在引用剧本时 应标出引文的幕、场、行,如:

 in his famous advice to players, shakespeare?s hamlet

 defines the purpose of

 theater, “ whose end, both at the first and now, was and is, to

 hold, as ?twere, the

 mirror up to nature ” (3.2.2-213).

 (也可用 iii.ii.23 ,来表示第三幕的第二场的第 23 行.)

 这里的括号夹注表示引文来自剧本第三幕第二场的 21 至 23 行。

 (注意标点的使用。) 在引用诗歌时应标出引文的节、行,如:

 when homer?s odysseus comes to the hall of circe, he finds his men “ mild /

 in her soft spell, fed on her drug of evil 20”9-(1110).

 这里的括号夹注表示引文来自诗歌第 10 节的 209 至 211 行。对不 分节的诗第一次引用时应说明括号里标的是行数,使用 “line ,”以后

 的引用则不需再说明。例如:

 第一次引用: (lines 5-8)

 以后的引用: (12-13) 在引用有章节、分册的小说的时候,应标出引 文所在的页码、册数、章节,如:

 one of kingsolver?s narrators, teenager rachel, pushes her

 vocabulary

 beyond its limits. for example, rachel complains that being

 forced to live in the

 congo with her missionary family is “ a sheer tapestry of

 justice ” because her

 chances of finding a boyfriend are “ dull and void ” (117; bk. 2,

 ch. 10).

 例子里的括号夹注表示引文来自该书第二册第十章的第 117 页。

 (注意标点和缩略语的使用。)

 在引用《圣经》、《可兰经》等经典文献的时候,应标出引文的篇、 章、节,如:

 consider the words of solomon: “ if your enemies are hungry,

 give them food

 to eat. if they are thirsty, give them water to drink ” (bible, prov.

 25.21).

 例子里的括号夹注表示引文来自旧约《圣经》的《箴言》篇第 25 章第 21 节。《圣经》各篇的缩写有标准的写法,因而使用时应该注 意核对。

 对引语文字的更改 直接引语如出现在正文中间,使用引语的句子不得违反英语语法, 不得出现 “句中句 ”。为了使含直接引语的句子合乎语法,往往有必 要对引语的文字作一定的更改。如果要删除引语中个别词句,可以 用省略号(ellipses “…)取代删除的词句。如果要加入或者更改个 别单词或者词组,则可以将需要加入或者更改的单词或词组放在方 括号( square brackets “ [ ] )以内。例如:

 删除词句:

 he stated, “ the ?lpacebo effect,? ... disappeared when behaviors were studied

 in this manner ” (smith 276), but he did not clarify which behaviors were studied.

 添加词组:

 smith (276) found that “ the placebo effect, which had been

 verified in

 previous studies, disappeared when [his own and others?] behaviors were studied in

 this manner. ”

 ? 无论删改还是添加字词均不得变更引语的原意。

 ? 注意:如果删除是在句内,应该空一格以后再加省略号。如果删 除是在一句整句以后,则应在该整句最后的标点(句号、问号或惊 叹号)不空格直接加省略号。省略号应该用三个句点。

 引用网络和电子出版物 引用网络文献和电子出版物时文中夹注的基本原则与引用其他文献 时是基本一致的。

 引用网络和电子文献观点时有两种情况 :

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