Section Ⅶ Expanding your world Ⅰ.单词分层默写 1.单词拼写 ①debt n.债务,欠款 ②pace n.速度,进度 ③dread v.畏惧,惧怕 ④overnight adv.突然,一下子 ⑤nevertheless adv.然而,不过 ⑥outcome n.结果,后果 ⑦worthwhile adj.重要的,值得做的 ⑧blanket n.毯子,毛毯 ⑨contest n.比赛,竞赛 ⑩worthy adj.值得尊敬的;值得赞赏的 outline n.外形,轮廓 permanent adj.长久的;永久的 strains of音乐的曲调或旋律 2.拓展单词 ①rarely adv.很少,难得→rare adj.稀少的;稀罕的;珍贵的 ②rejection n.拒绝,否决→reject v.拒绝,不接受 ③criticism n.批评;指责→criticise v.批评;批判;挑剔;指责→critic n.评论家;批评者→critical adj.批评的;批判性的;挑剔的 ④classic n.名著;经典作品adj.典型的,第一流的→classical adj.古典的;经典的;传统的 ⑤guarantee v.保证;确保→guaranteed adj.必然的;确定会发生的 ⑥enthusiastic adj.热心的,热衷的→enthusiasm n.热情;热心;热忱→enthusiast n.热衷于……的人;热心者,爱好者 ⑦upset adj.心烦意乱的,烦恼的;v.使烦恼,使生气 n.混乱,困扰→upsetting adj.令人不快(或忧虑、苦恼)的 ⑧elect v.选举,推选→election n.选举,推选→elector n.有选举权的人;选民→elective adj.选举的,选任的;由选举产生的;选修的 n.选修课程 ⑨blessing n.幸事,幸运→bless v.祈求上帝祝福 ⑩appreciative adj.感激的→appreciate v.感激,感谢;欣赏,赏识→appreciation n.感激,感谢;欣赏 mere adj.仅仅,只不过→merely adv.仅仅,只不过 gentleness n.和蔼,温和→gentle adj.温和的,温柔的,柔和的→gently adv.温柔地;温和地;文静地;和缓地 literary adj.文学的→literature n.文学,文学作品;文献 embarrassed adj.难堪的,尴尬的→embarrassing adj.令人尴尬的→embarrass v.使窘迫,使尴尬→embarrassment n.害羞;窘迫;愧疚;难堪 Ⅱ.短语搭配翻译 1.regret to do对做……感到遗憾 2.take for example以……为例 3.have...in common with与……有共同点 4.stick...on粘上 5.turn down拒绝;调低(音量或热度) 6.a total of总共,总计,总数为 7.struggle to do努力做;挣扎着去做 8.dream of梦想 9.in print(指书)已印好,可买到;(指作品)已印出,已出版 10.under...names用……名字 11.play a part起作用;扮演角色 12.(be) appreciative of感激……,感谢…… 13.in particular特别地;尤其是 14.worthy of note值得注意 15.probe into调查,探究 16.go about着手做,处理 17.close in on逼近,围住 18.descend on/upon降临;突然到达 19.apply to申请;适用于 20.give one hint to给……一点提示 21.care about关心;担心 22.interact with和……交流;和……相互作用 23.pick up拿起,拾起;跌倒后爬起;(开车)接,取;(无意中)学会;接收信号 24.be aware of意识到,知道 25.respond to回答,回应;对……作出反应 Ⅲ.主题书面表达
结合本单元主题,使用本单元词汇、句型和语法写一篇语言流畅、用词准确、逻辑严密的短文。
1.写作要点 ①小杰克五岁时因病失聪,他感觉突然失去了曾经拥有的一切。(feel like doing;what引导名词性从句;overnight) Little Jack became deaf due to illness at the age of five, and he felt like losing what he had once owned overnight. ②然而,他的父母并没有放弃教育他。(nevertheless;give up) His parents, nevertheless, didn＇t give up educating him. ③他们经常以海伦·凯勒为例来鼓励孩子。(take...for example) They often took Helen Keller for example to encourage the boy. ④对他来说,了解她的故事和作品是一件幸事。(blessing) It is a blessing for him to know about her stories and works. ⑤现在他开始热衷于写作,很少抱怨自己的不幸。(enthusiastic;rarely) Now he begins to become enthusiastic about writing, and rarely does he complain about his misfortune. 2.串句成文 将以上句子连成一篇语言流畅、用词准确、逻辑严密的短文。
Little Jack became deaf due to illness at the age of five, and he felt like losing what he had once owned overnight. His parents, nevertheless, didn＇t give up educating him. They often took Helen Keller for example to encourage the boy. It is a blessing for him to know about her stories and works. Now he begins to become enthusiastic about writing, and rarely does he complain about his misfortune. 1.影响世界的“中国”词汇 像“孔子”“功夫”“麻将”和“豆腐”一样,以下列出了具有中国“气质”并在世界范围内深深影响了现代生活的5个中国词: (1)Cha—tea The word “tea” is borrowed from southern Fujian dialect。
茶:Tea 这个词来自福建南部的方言。
(2)Shi Wai Tao Yuan—Shangri-La (Xanadu) Shangri-La and Xanadu are near synonyms for the Chinese word “Shi Wai Tao Yuan” 世外桃源:Shangri-La or Xanadu “香格里拉”和“仙那度”都是世外桃源的同义词。
(3)Feng Shui—Feng Shui Feng Shui is a transliterated word that is imbued with the collective wisdom of ancient Chinese people in arranging houses for the living and cemeteries for the dead. 风水:Feng Shui Feng Shui是个直译词,是中国古人安排住宅、坟墓的一种智慧。
(4)Zhi Laohu—paper tiger The word was created by Mao Zedong, a great national hero. 纸老虎:Paper tiger 这是民族英雄毛泽东造出的一个词。
(5)Yin Yang—yin-yang Yin and yang, the two opposing principles in nature, the former feminine and negative and the latter masculine and positive。
阴阳:yin-yang 阴阳的概念,源自古代中国人民的自然观。古人观察到自然界中各种对立又相联的大自然现象,如天地、日月、昼夜、寒暑、男女、上下等,以哲学的思想方式,归纳出“阴阳”的概念。
2.404 Four-O-Four 大家看到404 Four-O-Four 应该不陌生吧,404页面就是在计算机上,当用户输入了错误的链接时返回的页面。
“无用之人”通常我们用最通俗的表达是:useless person。
那么用Four-O-Four来表示无用之人是怎么回事呢? 大家一起来看下面的解释: 404 is used to describe someone who is clueless. This usage derives from the WWW error message, “404 Not Found”, meaning the requested document could not be located. People who is 404 is usually stupid and unable to use computers or other complicated electronic equipment. 在计算机上,404页面就是当用户输入了错误的链接时返回的页面。404页面的目的是:告诉浏览者其所请求的页面不存在或链接错误,同时引导用户使用网站其他页面而不是关闭窗口离开。
因此,404在英美成为“电脑白痴”“无用之人”的代名词。
There＇s no rose without a thorn. This thought is absolutely necessary to prepare you to experience less pain and more joy in your journey of life. With a bird＇s-eye view, you may realize something meaningful. During your school years, while joyfully acquiring knowledge you are also under the pressure of homework, examinations, and ranking. You face crises and agony. Meanwhile, all sorts of intricate affairs may happen between you and your classmates. In your youth, puberty may fill you with unrealized desires and send you into deeper perplexity. Entering marriage, you are actually in the center of all the contradictions—the matching of different personalities, enduring of family members, children＇s schooling, financial management and so on, you may also fall into marriage crisis. As you age, your health may deteriorate and various troubles in your career and family may gradually emerge. Mid-life and old-age crisis will follow, leading you to your eternity. We may therefore conclude that much of our life may not be spent in contentment. However, the things that discontent are, in fact, not useless since you may learn more from them than from the things that cheered you up. As the saying goes, “It seems to be a perpetual rule that flaps are produced elatedly and masterpieces painstakingly”. To put it vividly, the great historian Sima Qian had a view even two thousand years ago: “When Emperor Wen of Zhou Dynasty was arrested, he produced the classic Zhou Yi Jing;Confucius wrote The Spring and Autumn Annals while he was experiencing adversity;Qu Yuan produced his monumental long poem, Encountering Sorrow, during his exile. When Zuo Qiu lost his sight and Sun Zi had his feet chopped off, they edited their writings and stratagems. After Lü Buwei was forced to live in Shu, the valuable The Book of Lü was fortunately handed down to posterity. Similarly, when Han Feizi was imprisoned in Qin, On Difficulty and On Resentment—two precious books—were written by him. Three hundred Classic Poems were also produced in rough the same way, where the writers＇ hearts were smouldering in the doldrums with no way out: they therefore conveyed everything in words, narrating the past and contemplating the future”. Let＇s treat all the sufferings at every stage of life as assets which can only do us good. 【译文】
人生固然有欢乐,但也一定不乏痛苦。有这种认识和思想准备是非常必要的,因为这样会使你的生活增加欢乐而减少痛苦。
鸟瞰人生,可略有领悟。上学时,有获得知识的乐趣,便有做功课、考试、排名次的危机与痛苦。同时也有同学间相处的融合与纠结。青年时,春心萌动,幻想联翩,难以实现,亦难免陷入困扰。
结婚之后,实际上你处于所有矛盾的中心;个性的差异、相处的困难、子女的教育、财务的管理等等,也会陷入婚姻危机。随后,年龄愈大,健康愈差,事业、家庭中的许多潜在矛盾会日益突出,因而又会有中年危机和老年危机,直至步入死亡。
所以说,人生在世,如意的事不足一二,不如意的则十有八九。但这“八九”不是负担,而是有用的,因为人在痛苦中所学到的,要比在欢乐中所学到的多得多。
“自古欢愉酿糟糠,从来痛苦出杰作”。对此,司马迁早在两千多年前便有精彩论述:“盖西伯拘而演《周易》;仲尼厄而作《春秋》;屈原放逐,乃赋《离骚》;左丘失明,厥有《国语》;孙子膑脚,《兵法》修列;不韦迁蜀,世传《吕览》;韩非囚秦,《说难》、《孤愤》;《诗》三百篇,大氐贤圣发愤只所为作也。此人皆有所郁结,不得通其道,故述往事,思来者”。
所以,让我们把人生每一阶段上的痛苦,都当作自己的宝贵财富吧。
第一部分 听力(共两节,满分30分)
☆关注主书封底“3·2学习云空间”,免费下载听力材料音频。
第一节 (共5小题;每小题1.5分,满分7.5分) 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1.When will the speakers play tennis today? A.In the morning. B.In the afternoon. C.In the evening. 2.What did David probably do yesterday? A.He rested at home. B.He went boating. C.He went hiking. 3.What＇s the probable relationship between the speakers? A.Husband and wife. B.Colleagues. C.Fellow travelers. 4.How does the woman feel now? A.Nervous. B.Excited. C.Relaxed. 5.What are the speakers mainly talking about? A.The origin of marathon. B.The life of a Greek soldier. C.The war between Athens and Persia. 第二节 (共15小题;每小题1.5分,满分22.5分) 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前,你将有时间阅读各个小题,每小题5秒钟;听完后,各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料,回答第6、7题。
6.Why did Mike join a band? A.To kill time. B.To enjoy music. C.To overcome shyness. 7.What did the woman probably think of singing in public? A.Exciting. B.Embarrassing. C.Meaningful.
听第7段材料,回答第8至10题。
8.How much did the woman weigh three months ago? A.130 pounds. B.143 pounds. C.160 pounds. 9.How did the man＇s aunt lose weight? A.By exercising at home. B.By joining a gym. C.By running outdoors. 10.What suggestion did the man give to the woman? A.Changing her eating habits. B.Trying the program Whole 30. C.Going to a gym.
听第8段材料,回答第11至13题。
11.What did Linda think of her trip? A.Enjoyable. B.Frightening. C.Annoying. 12.Where did Linda meet the bearded man? A.At the Grand Canyon. B.On her way home. C.At a service station. 13.What did the bearded man want to do? A.Get a free ride. B.Return a blanket. C.Ask directions.
听第9段材料,回答第14至17题。
14.Where was Mr. Taylor＇s latest book set? A.In Egypt. B.In Morocco. C.In South Africa. 15.What was the worst thing that had ever happened to Mr. Taylor? A.Some wild animals attacked him. B.His car broke down in a desert. C.He almost died from lack of water. 16.What does Mr. Taylor usually do in his free time? A.He writes novels. B.He relaxes at home. C.He socializes with friends. 17.What is Mr. Taylor＇s plan for the future? A.Keeping writing novels. B.Working on a history book. C.Traveling around the world.
听第10段材料,回答第18至20题。
18.What is the speaker doing? A.Giving a class. B.Hosting a radio program. C.Reporting International Jazz Day. 19.Who helped start the project? A.The DC city government. B.The Thai government. C.A non-profit group. 20.Where did the group perform? A.At the town hall of Bangkok, Thailand. B.At a concert hall near Mahidol University. C.At the Thailand International Jazz Conference. 答案 1.C 2.A 3.B 4.A 5.A 6.B 7.B 8.C 9.A 10.C 11.A 12.C 13.B 14.B 15.B 16.C 17.B 18.B 19.A 20.C 听力材料 Text 1 M:What about going to play tennis at the park this afternoon? W:We＇d better do that after supper. We＇ll get burned playing tennis outdoors in such weather. M:OK. Text 2 W:David, did you go boating with your friends yesterday? M:No. I had planned to, but I was under the weather (身体不舒服) and didn＇t go anywhere. So what did you do yesterday? W:I went hiking with my friends. Text 3 M:It＇s already 6:00 p.m. now. Let＇s call it a day. W:But I haven＇t finished my work yet. I＇m afraid I cannot leave now. M:Then I＇ll go without you. See you tomorrow. Text 4 M:You don＇t seem to be able to sit still today. What＇s going on? W:My boyfriend is taking me to meet his parents tonight. And he＇s on the way to coming here now. M:Just relax. I＇m sure they＇ll love you! Text 5 W:Jason, do you know how the marathon started? M:Yes. It was started in honor of (为了纪念) the legendary run by a Greek soldier from Marathon to Athens in 490 BC.He ran about 26 miles to inform the residents of an Athenian military victory over the Persian army. Text 6 W:Mike, I heard you were in a band. Why did you join it when you were busy with your study? M:Because I like the beat of music, getting it right and composing my own rhythms. W:Do you like performing in front of other people? M:Certainly. I love having people cheer for me after I＇ve worked hard and I＇ve done my best. You know what? I dream of singing full-time in the future. What about you? W:I love singing, but I never dare sing in front of others. M:You may love it if you give it a try. Text 7 M:Michelle, it seems you＇ve lost a lot of weight. W:Yes. Now I just weigh 130 pounds. I＇ve lost 30 pounds in the past three months. M:How did you manage to do that? Do you often go to the gym now? W:No. I don＇t go to the gym. M:Then do you often work out at home? I heard many women love doing that. My aunt has a running machine at home and she＇s succeeded in losing some weight, too. W:No. I don＇t work out at home. Have you heard about Whole 30? That＇s what I＇ve been trying. M:Yes, I know that. It requires people to change their eating habits to lose weight. W:That＇s what I do. M:But I heard many people regained their weight when they stopped trying the program. I think it＇s better that you join a gym if you don＇t want to regain your weight. W:Thanks for your advice. I＇ll think about that. Text 8 M:Linda, did you have a good trip to the Grand Canyon with your family? W:Yes, Mr. Brown. I really enjoyed my time at the Grand Canyon. But I almost lost my favorite blanket on our way there. M:What happened? W:It flew out the window and was gone. I was really sad. Soon after we stopped at a service station. And some motorcyclists stopped there, too. And one of them walked toward us. I was really frightened. M:Why? W:The man looked huge and frightening. He had a really big beard. M:Why did he come to you? W:It turned out that he was a really kind-hearted man. He came to us and asked if the blue Ford was ours. My mom nodded. The man then pulled my blanket from his jacket pocket and handed it to her. He then returned to his motorcycle. M:He＇s a really good man. I＇m glad you＇ve got your favorite blanket back. Now what about going to the classroom with me? W:OK, Mr. Brown. M:And do you mind telling the story to the whole class? W:Not at all. Text 9 W:So Mr. Taylor, your books are all set in different countries, aren＇t they? M:Yes. Everything in my novels happens in different countries I know. I was born in South Africa and I still live there. I began by writing a novel about a family living in Egypt. My most recent book was about Morocco. I spent several months there last year. W:Your books are all adventure stories. Has anything really dangerous ever happened to you? M:Well, I＇ve had a few experiences with wild animals! But the worst thing was definitely when I was driving along a desert and my car suddenly stopped and wouldn＇t start again. Fortunately, I had plenty of water. W:Sounds very frightening. What do you do in your spare time? M:Well, I actually find it hard to relax. I＇m pretty sociable, and I know lots of people, so I usually arrange to do something with them. W:Great. Do you have any special plans for the future? M:Well, I＇ve traveled all over the world, and there are many places I still want to visit. My main aim is to write the history of my local area. I＇ve decided to stop writing novels because I want to do something different. Text 10
April is Jazz Appreciation Month, and April 30 is International Jazz Day. On this day, musicians, educators, and fans celebrate the music at festivals, shows, and other events around the world. In tonight＇s program, I＇d like to talk about an international jazz exchange project between two cities:Washington DC and Bangkok. The exchange project started with support from the DC city government. Will Stephens, a lawyer and musician, is in charge of a non-profit group. The money he received from the city helped send musicians from Washington DC to Thailand. In January, Stephens traveled to Thailand with four other musicians. The group performed at the Thailand International Jazz Conference, a large and important jazz education meeting hosted by Mahidol University. Just over ten years, the conference hosts thousands of educators, students, and listeners each year. The trip gave musicians a chance to see similarities and differences in jazz culture between the two countries. Stephens noted important differences. He said that a lot more women were studying jazz in Thailand than in the United States. 第二部分 阅读(共两节,满分50分) 第一节 (共15小题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A (2020山东省实验中学期中考试) Smart Home Products for Living a Connected Life What makes something a smart home product? Generally, it＇s defined by its ability to connect to a Wi-Fi network, allowing users to interact with it from their smartphones. We＇ve rounded up some cool, diverse(形形色色的) offerings that you＇ll love to have in your home.
Nest Cam IQ walmart.com $299.00 The Nest Cam IQ is a beautifully designed home security camera that can recognize faces. It can warn you if there＇s a stranger in your home. The device also supports two-way communication via built-in microphones and a powerful speaker.
Logitech Harmony Elite amazon.com $249.99 The Logitech Harmony Elite is one of the best universal remote controls available on the market. It can control just about every piece of electronics you own(it supports over 270,000 devices)in every room of your house or apartment, including TVs,streaming devices, and sound systems.
Apple HomePod bhphotovideo.com $349.00 The Apple HomePod has better audio quality than any other smart speaker available today. Available in white or space gray, the Siri-powered device also allows you to control a number of devices with your voice.
August Smart Lock Pro amazon.com $279.99 The August Smart Lock Pro is compatible(兼容的)with most locks. A mobile app allows you to manage access to the lock, check its usage history, and get informed when someone opens the door. You can control it and check on the state of your door with voice commands. 21.What can the Nest Cam IQ help you do? A.Properly use your smartphone camera. B.Control electronics with your voice. C.Check the locks of your house. D.Keep your home safe. 22.Which device can help you operate almost all your electronic equipment remotely? A.Nest Cam IQ. B.Apple HomePod. C.August Smart Lock Pro.
D.Logitech Harmony Elite. 23.Which column of a website is the text most probably taken from? A.Technology.
B.News. C.Society. D.Education. 答案 [语篇解读] 本文是应用文。文章主要介绍了四款智能生活用品。
21.D 细节理解题。根据关键词Nest Cam IQ可以定位到Nest Cam IQ部分中的“The Nest Cam IQ is a beautifully designed home security camera that can recognize faces. It can warn you if there＇s a stranger in your home. The device also supports two-way communication via built-in microphones and a powerful speaker.”可知Nest Cam IQ是一款设计精美的家庭安全摄像头,可以识别人脸,它可以在家里有陌生人时发出警告,该设备还支持通过内置麦克风和强大的扬声器进行双向通信。因此Nest Cam IQ可以保障家的安全。故选D。
22.D 细节理解题。根据题干中的关键词operate和remotely可以定位到Logitech Harmony Elite部分中的“The Logitech Harmony Elite is one of the best universal remote controls available on the market. It can control just about every piece of electronics you own(it supports over 270,000 devices)in every room of your house or apartment, including TVs, streaming devices, and sound systems.”可知Logitech Harmony Elite是目前市场上最好的通用遥控器之一,它可以控制你拥有的几乎所有的电子设备(支持超过27万台设备),包括电视、流媒体设备和音响系统。Logitech Harmony Elite可以帮助您远程控制几乎所有的电子设备。故选D。
23.A 推理判断题。阅读全文可知,本文主要讲了智能生活用品以及它们给我们的生活带来的便利。这与科技有关,因此会出现在科技专栏。故选A。
B (2020北京师大附中期中考试) The Pillow At the age of sixteen, I joined a volunteer group with my dad. I went on my first volunteer project in West Virginia. On the night we arrived, we discovered that our “family” was in a trailer(拖车) that was in poor condition. A crew had been working on it for two weeks, but every time they finished one problem, another surfaced. We decided the only reasonable solution was to build a new house—something unusual but necessary under these circumstances. The family was overjoyed at their new house that was twenty by thirty feet with three bedrooms, a bath and a kitchen. On Tuesday of that week, while we were having lunch together, I asked the family＇s three boys, Josh, Eric and Ryan, “What do you want for your new room?” Expecting toys and other gadgets that children usually ask for, we were surprised when Josh responded, “I just want a bed.” The boys had never slept in a bed! They were accustomed to plastic mats. That night we had a meeting and decided that beds would be the perfect gift. On Thursday night, a few adults in our group drove to the nearest city and bought beds and new bedding. When we saw the delivery truck coming, we told the family about the surprise. We could hardly contain ourselves. It was like watching excited children on Christmas morning. That afternoon, as we fitted the frames of the beds together, Eric ran into the house to watch us. Too dirty to enter his room, he observed with wide-eyed enthusiasm from the doorway. As my father slipped a pillowcase onto one of the pillows, Eric asked, “What is that?” “A pillow,” he replied. “What do you do with it?” Eric continued to ask. “When you go to sleep, you put your head on it,” I answered softly. Tears came to our eyes as my sister handed Eric the pillow. “Oh...that＇s soft,” he said, hugging it tightly. Now, when my sister or I start to ask for something that seems urgent, my dad gently asks, “Do you have a pillow?” We know exactly what he means. 24.The writer＇s first volunteer project was
. A.working on a poor trailer B.helping a poor family C.donating beds and bedding D.dealing with a housing problem 25.On hearing Josh＇s answer, the writer was shocked because
. A.the family lived in a trailer B.he expected to get some toys C.he didn＇t know what a bed was D.the boys had no bed to sleep in 26.From the passage, we can learn that Eric had never seen
before. A.a trailer B.a truck C.a pillow D.a house 27.By saying “Do you have a pillow?”, the writer＇s father means that
. A.what they want to get may be unnecessary B.they should not waste money on small things C.they should do more volunteer work for the poor D.what he will buy is not what they want but a pillow 答案 [语篇解读] 本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述作者十六岁时和父亲一起做志愿者时的所见所闻。一个家庭的贫穷深深地震撼了他们:他们从来没有睡过床,从来没有见过枕头。
24.B 推理判断题。从第一段第三句中的we discovered that our “family” was in a trailer...和第二段第二句中的The family was overjoyed at their new house可知,作者的第一个志愿者项目是帮助一个贫困家庭。故选B。
25.D 细节理解题。从第三段最后一句中的we were surprised when Josh responded, “I just want a bed.”及第四段第一句The boys had never slept in a bed!可推知,听到Josh的回答,作者很震惊,因为这些男孩们都没有在床上睡过觉。故选D。
26.C 细节理解题。从第七段至第十一段Eric与他们的对话可知,Eric不知枕头是什么。由此可知,Eric以前从未见过枕头。故选C。
27.A 推理判断题。根据上文内容Eric一家连枕头都没见过,结合最后一段内容可推断:父亲认为我们要求的东西只是看起来急需,实际上可能并不是必需的。故选A。
C (2020山东青岛黄岛期中) A rainy day can be a chance to recharge. While you are relaxed on the sofa with a movie, the raindrops falling on your windows might one day provide the power for your TV. This is the idea behind an invention that harvests energy from water. The technology is based on the triboelectric effect(摩擦起电效应). An engineer at the University of Hawaii, David Ma, knew that it＇s possible to generate electricity by rubbing two things together. So, he thought, “Why don＇t we use water?” A drop of water sliding across a surface coated with two different materials would generate enough friction(摩擦) to create an electrical charge. By placing metal wires that the drop of water touched as it moved, it should be possible to harvest electricity, he reasoned. It worked. In fact, the researchers lit up 15 LED bulbs with a single moving water drop. This is not the first time that scientists have got electricity from water-generated friction. Earlier experiments, though, harvested the charge produced in a surface by a sliding drop of water. There, the surface had acted as an electrode(电极). This is different. The energy of friction is being harvested from the water itself. “It turns out,” Ma says, “the charge in the water drop is much more than the charge produced in the other electrode.” In fact, his team＇s model generated almost 100 times more power than previous experiments from a single drop of water. “The technology could someday power phones, sensors or other small electronics,” says Christopher Oshman, an engineer at the Colorado School of Mines. “This work is a step toward harvesting the energy of moving objects all around us, including ourselves, to power the electronic devices we use every day,” he says. “Ma has shown that the technology can work in a lab,” Oshman says. “Next, the Colorado researcher would like to see it tried on a larger scale, such as on an umbrella.” 28.How does the author introduce the topic of the text? A.By telling a story. B.By raising a question. C.By giving an example. D.By imagining a situation. 29.What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 3 refer to? A.The wire. B.The drop of water. C.The surface. D.The electricity. 30.What is unique about Ma＇s technique compared with earlier experiments? A.The water itself acts as an electrode. B.It is based on the triboelectric effect. C.It produces electricity from water-made friction. D.It uses a surface covered with two different materials. 31.What does Oshman say about Ma＇s technology? A.It has a promising future. B.It will do well on an umbrella. C.It works well in the real world. D.It will replace batteries someday. 答案 [语篇解读] 这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲了夏威夷大学的工程师David Ma认为摩擦两件东西来发电是可能的。研究人员用一颗移动的水滴点亮了15个LED灯泡。这项技术有一天可以为手机、传感器或其他小型电子产品提供动力。
28.D 推理判断题。根据第一段A rainy day can be a chance to recharge. While you are relaxed on the sofa with a movie, the raindrops falling on your windows might one day provide the power for your TV. This is the idea behind an invention that harvests energy from water.可知,雨天可能是一个充电的机会。当你在沙发上看电影放松时,落在窗户上的雨滴也许有一天会为你的电视提供能量。这就是一项从水中获取能量的发明背后的理念。作者通过想象一个情景,引出文章的主题,故选D。
29.B 词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句中的By placing metal wires that the drop of water touched as it moved可知,通过放置金属丝,水滴在移动时接触到金属丝。下文中的it should be possible to harvest electricity, he reasoned表示水滴应该可以获得电力,故it指的是水滴,故选B。
30.A 细节理解题。答案定位在倒数第四段Earlier experiments, though, harvested the charge produced in a surface by a sliding drop of water. There, the surface had acted as an electrode. This is different. The energy of friction is being harvested from the water itself.(然而,早期的实验是通过水滴的滑动来收集表面产生的电荷。在那里,表面起着电极的作用。这是不同的,摩擦产生的能量是从水本身获得的。)由此可知,与早期的实验相比,Ma的技术的独特之处在于水本身起着电极的作用,故选A。
31.A 推理判断题。答案定位在倒数第二段“The technology could someday power phones, sensors or other small electronics,” says Christopher Oshman, an engineer at the Colorado School of Mines. “This work is a step toward harvesting the energy of moving objects all around us, including ourselves, to power the electronic devices we use every day,” he says.(科罗拉多矿业学院的工程师Christopher Oshman说:“这项技术有一天可以为手机、传感器或其他小型电子产品提供动力。”他说:“这项工作向收集我们周围移动物体的能量,包括我们自己,为我们每天使用的电器提供动力迈出了一步。”)由此推断出,Oshman认为Ma的技术有一个光明的未来,故选A。
D (2020上海行知中学高二上学期月考) Women may have good reason to drink coffee as much as they like. According to recent research, women who drank three or more cups of coffee a day were 30 percent less likely to have memory decline at age 65 than those who drank one cup or less daily. And the benefit increased with age. Women over age 80 who drank three or more cups of coffee a day were about 70 percent less likely to have memory decline than those who drank one cup or less, the researchers said. Caffeinated tea had the same effect on women, the study found, although more was needed to get the same caffeine boost. “Count roughly two cups of tea for a cup of coffee,” said study leader Karen Ritchie of INSERM, the French National Institute for Health and Medical Research. But the researchers didn＇t find a similarly protective effect on men, although other studies have found a benefit to males. How might caffeine help ward off cognitive(认知的) decline? “It is a cognitive stimulant,” said Ritchie. “It also helps to reduce levels of the protein called beta amyloid(β淀粉样蛋白) in the brain,” she said, “whose accumulation is responsible for Alzheimer＇s disease but which also occurs in normal aging.” Ritchie said she wasn＇t sure why men in the study didn＇t benefit from caffeine. “Our hypothesis is that either women metabolize caffeine differently from men, or there may be an interaction of the caffeine with the sex hormones,” she said. The French study confirms previous research, said William Scott, a professor of medicine at the University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, who has researched caffeine＇s beneficial effects against Parkinson＇s disease, also a neurodegenerative disorder. As for caffeine only protecting women, Scott noted that just 2,800 of the 7,000 study participants were men, and the results might have differed if more men were included. A study published in February in the European Journal of Clinical Nutrition looked at 676 healthy men and found that regular coffee drinkers had a lower rate of cognitive decline over a 10-year follow-up than those who didn＇t drink coffee. Those who drank three cups daily had the least signs of decline. Both Scott and Ritchie agreed that more studies are needed. Ritchie＇s research will next look at the relationship between caffeine and Alzheimer＇s. 32.As it is indicated in the 1st paragraph, how does coffee influence women＇s memory? A.The older the women were, the more remarkable their memory were. B.The more coffee the women drank, the more slowly their memory declined. C.The older the women were, the more slowly their memory declined. D.The more coffee the women drank. the more remarkable their memory were. 33.According to Ritchie, Alzheimer＇s disease results from
. A.the lack of caffeine in the brain B.the accumulation of beta amyloid C.high level of proteins in the brain D.abnormal metabolism in normal aging 34.William Scott would most probably agree that caffeine helped
. A.reduce the risk of Alzheimer＇s disease B.interfere with the process of cognitive decline C.balance the production of female hormones D.protect both men and women from diseases 35.What is the author＇s attitude towards the research of caffeine＇s beneficial effect on men? A.Doubtful. B.Convinced. C.Indifferent.
D.Cautious. 答案 [语篇解读] 这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项新研究,研究人员发现咖啡因能帮助人们防止认知能力下降,尤其是女性。
32.C 细节理解题。根据第一段中的According to recent research, women who drank three or more cups of coffee a day were 30 percent less likely to have memory decline at age 65 than those who drank one cup or less daily. And the benefit increased with age.可知,经常喝咖啡的女性,随着年龄的增长,她们的记忆力下降得越慢。故选C。
33.B 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“It also helps to reduce levels of the protein called beta amyloid in the brain,”she said, “whose accumulation is responsible for Alzheimer＇s disease but which also occurs in normal aging.”可知,β淀粉样蛋白的积累与阿尔茨海默氏病有关。故选B。
34.B 推理判断题。根据倒数第三段As for caffeine only protecting women, Scott noted that just 2,800 of the 7,000 study participants were men, and the results might have differed if more men were included.可知,威廉·斯科特认为如果纳入更多男性,结果可能会有所不同,由此推知,他很可能会认同咖啡因有助于干预认知能力下降的过程。故选B。
35.B 推理判断题。根据倒数第二、三段引用William Scott的观点以及2月发表在《欧洲临床营养学杂志》(European Journal of Clinical Nutrition)上的一项研究发现可推知,作者相信咖啡因对男性也是有益的。故选B。
第二节 (共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
(2020广东深圳实验学校高二上期中考试) Organic produce has become increasingly popular in recent years. 36 In fact, organic farmers are allowed to use a wide variety of chemical sprays and powders on their crops. 37 It means that these pesticides(杀虫剂), if used, must be got from natural sources, not synthetically(人工合成地)manufactured. Also, these pesticides must be applied using equipment that has not been used to apply any synthetic materials for the past three years. 38 What＇s more, most organic farmers, and even some traditional farmers, use mechanical and cultural tools to help control pests. Many people believe organic produce is healthier and safer. Nobody bothered to look at whether natural chemicals are harmful. 39 But when the studies were done, you found that about half of the natural chemicals studied could cause cancer. This is a case where everyone makes the same dangerous mistake. We think that “natural” chemicals were better and safer than synthetic materials, but we were wrong. 40 A.So what does organic mean? B.That was because it was thought that they caused little risk. C.However, “organic” does not mean “pesticide-free” or “chemical-free”. D.It should be noted that we don＇t know which system is more harmful. E.There are many choices and decisions that we, as consumers, are asked to make. F.Thus, we should be more cautious in our acceptance of “natural” as being harmless. G.And the land being planted cannot have been treated with synthetic materials for that period either. 答案 [语篇解读] 有机农产品近年来越来越受欢迎。但是,“有机产品”并不意味着“无农药”或“无化学品”,事实上,农民可以在有机作物上使用各种化学喷雾剂和粉末。
36.C 考查段中承上启下句。根据上文“Organic produce has become increasingly popular in recent years.近年来,有机农产品越来越受欢迎。”和下文“In fact, organic farmers are allowed to use a wide variety of chemical sprays and powders on their crops.实际上,允许农民在作物上使用各种化学喷雾剂和粉末。”可知此处应填:然而,“有机”并不意味着“无农药”或“无化学品”。故选C。
37.A 考查段首主题句。根据下文中的“It means that these pesticides, if used, must be got from natural sources, not synthetically manufactured.它意味着如果使用这些农药,必须从自然能源中获得,而不是合成制造的。”可知,A项“那么有机意味着什么呢?”符合语境。故选A。
38.G 考查段中句和逻辑关系。根据下文中的What＇s more, most organic farmers, and even some traditional farmers, use mechanical and cultural tools to help control pests.可知,更重要的是,大多数有机农民,甚至一些传统农民,都使用机械和培养工具来帮助控制害虫。因此G项“在此期间,种植的土地也不能用合成材料处理。”符合语境。故选G。
39.B 考查段中解释句和逻辑关系。根据下文中的But when the studies were done, you found that about half of the natural chemicals studied could cause cancer可知,但是当研究完成后,你发现大约一半的天然化学物质会导致癌症。因此B项“那是因为人们认为它们没有什么风险。”切题。故选B。
40.F 考查段尾总结句。根据上文中的We think that “natural” chemicals were better and safer than synthetic materials, but we were wrong.可知,我们认为“天然”化学品比合成材料更好更安全,但我们错了。因此,F项“因此,我们应该更加谨慎地接受‘自然’是无害的。”切题。故选F。
第三部分 语言运用(共两节,满分30分) 第一节 (共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分)
阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
(2020山东潍坊高二上期末考试) Cassidy and his friends were waiting for other members of their running group. They met 41 every Thursday but on this day last January, it would not be their 42 run. The first 43 that something was unusual was the man who ran 44 past them. “Running at such a fast pace,” Cassidy said to his friends in 45 . Cassidy 46 why the man was so swift when another man ran by, 47 ,“ Help! He took my phone!” At that, they ran, tracking the 48 down the streets 49 he disappeared in a construction site. Cassidy ran around to the far side of the site to cut the thief off while the others 50 the neighborhood hoping he had thrown away the phone in a backyard. No 51 . So they decided to ask the citizens whether they＇d seen the guy. They knocked on one door after another. To their 52 , as one owner opened the door, the suspect rushed out and right 53 the arms of the police,who＇d already joined the search. “Running is typically a useless sport where you turn fat cells into heat,but occasionally it can be 54 ,” Cassidy told the Philadelphia Inquirer, “and here was one of those 55 .” 41.A.roughly B.eventually C.regularly D.curiously 42.A.exhausting B.flexible C.normal D.safe 43.A.clue B.sight C.risk D.decision 44.A.slowly B.desperately C.steadily D.aimlessly 45.A.panic B.admiration C.relief D.anger 46.A.tried out B.let out C.picked out D.figured out 47.A.adding B.complaining C.whispering D.screaming 48.A.member B.athlete C.suspect D.colleague 49.A.after B.until C.as D.whether 50.A.searched B.served C.warned D.harmed 51.A.luck B.doubt C.way D.wonder 52.A.sorrow B.surprise C.embarrassment D.disappointment 53.A.over B.through C.off D.into 54.A.useful B.useless C.tiring D.tough 55.A.purposes B.opportunities C.plans D.tricks 答案 41.C 根据后面的时间状语every Thursday可知,他们每周四都来跑步,所以应该是定期地在此集合,因此使用regularly有规律地。roughly粗略地;eventually最终;curiously好奇地。故选C。
42.C 根据句中表转折的连词but可知,去年1月的这天,不是他们通常的跑步时间。normal正常的,一般的;exhausting令人疲倦的;flexible灵活的;safe安全的。故选C。
43.A 句意:第一个不同寻常的线索是有个男人从他们身边拼命地跑过。clue线索;sight视野,景象;risk风险;decision决定。故选A。
44.B 根据后面的句子“Running at such a fast pace,”可知,刚刚经过的人跑得很快。slowly缓慢地;desperately拼命地;steadily稳定地;aimlessly漫无目的地。故选B。
45.B 看到对方跑得那么快,他钦佩地告诉他的同伴。admiration羡慕,钦佩,in admiration羡慕地;in panic慌张地;in relief欣慰地;in anger生气地。故选B。
46.D 根据后面的追上来的人的呼救声“Help! He took my phone!”可知,Cassidy搞明白了这个人为什么跑那么快。figure out弄懂,明白;try out试用;let out发出(叫声);pick out辨认出,挑选。故选D。
47.D 紧急状况下喊救命应用scream“尖叫”一词。add添加,补充;complain抱怨;whisper耳语。故选D。
48.C 根据“they ran, tracking”可知,他们也开始追赶嫌疑犯(suspect)。member成员;athlete运动员;colleague同事。故选C。
49.B 此处表示沿着街道一直追赶,直到他消失在一个建筑工地上。until直到……;after在……之后;as当……时候;whether是否。故选B。
50.A 此处表示Cassidy跑到前面堵截小偷,而其他人则搜索街区。search搜查;serve服务;warn警告;harm伤害。故选A。
51.A 根据后面的句子“So they decided to ask the citizens whether they＇d seen the guy.”可知,他们询问其他市民是否见过这么一个人,因此可知他们没有找到。No luck很不幸。luck幸运;doubt怀疑;way方法;wonder奇迹。故选A。
52.B 根据“as one owner opened the door, the suspect rushed out”可知当一个房东开门时,这个嫌疑犯正好跑出来,这是令人吃惊的。to one＇s surprise令某人吃惊的是;sorrow伤心;embarrassment尴尬;disappointment失望。故选B。
53.D 根据前面的right和后面的the arms of the police说明正好跑到警察的怀里。into进入,到……里面;over超过,在……上面;through穿过;off离开。故选D。
54.A 根据前面的内容“Running is typically a useless sport where you turn fat cells into heat”和but可知,跑步通常是一项没有用的运动,你只是把脂肪转变成热量,但是有时却是很有用处的。useful有用的;useless无用的;tiring令人疲倦的;tough艰难的,粗糙的。故选A。
55.B 此处表示今天的跑步抓贼就是一个好机会。purpose目的;opportunity机会;plan计划;trick计谋,诡计。故选B。
第二节 (共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分)
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
(2020山东烟台栖霞高二月考) When waiting for the train, a young girl playing with her ball suddenly found it out of her hands, 56 (roll) off the platform and landing on the tracks. Not only was she troubled, but the whole family were a bit upset. Overhearing their conversation, I knew that the ball 57 (give) to her from her grandfather, 58 is no longer alive. It was not replaceable as it held precious memories. I told them I could help get it for them. I wasn＇t sure how, but I＇m 59 (create) and felt confident I would figure it out. They were hesitant to give me their contact information. I＇m a nice lady, but still a stranger, and it felt odd to them that I would want to take time out of my life 60 (help) them. My work colleague who was with me convinced them, “She is really good 61 helping people. You really can trust her. ” As always in these 62 (situation), you have to let one phone call lead to another until you can talk to someone who 63 (have) the magic key to open the door. But 64 (lucky) it took only 3 calls. A few days later I received a lovely e-mail from the mom, thanking me for my help as they now have 65 special ball with all its memories back to the little girl. 答案 56.rolling 考查非谓语动词。在find的复合结构中,it作宾语,与roll是主动关系,因此用现在分词作宾补,故填rolling。
57.had been given 考查时态和语态。give这个动作发生在knew之前,即过去的过去,使用过去完成时,give与ball之间又是被动关系。故填had been given。
58.who 考查定语从句。先行词是grandfather,关系词在定语从句中作主语,引导非限制性定语从句,故填who。
59.creative 考查形容词。设空处为表语,形容词作表语,故填creative。
60.to help 考查不定式。take time to do sth.花时间做某事,故填to help。
61.at 考查介词。be good at擅长,故填at。
62.situations 考查名词复数。these后用名词复数,故填situations。
63.has 考查时态。定语从句的先行词是someone,结合上下文可知要用一般现在时,故填has。
64.luckily 考查副词。修饰整句话应用副词,故填luckily。
65.the 考查冠词。此处表示特指,特指那个特殊的球,故填the。
第四部分 写作(共两节,满分40分) 第一节 应用文写作(满分15分) (2020广东中山第一中学月考) 假设你是李华,你的美国朋友Tom上个月来到北京学习。十月份你将去北京参加暑期中学生英语演讲比赛(speech contest),你在资料搜集、语言运用等方面遇到了困难。请根据以下要点给Tom写一封电子邮件: 1.询问Tom的生活和学习情况; 2.谈谈你的困难并请Tom帮忙; 3.告诉Tom你打算比赛后去看他。
注意:1.词数80左右; 2.可适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
答案 One possible version: Dear Tom, It has been a month since you studied in Beijing. How are things going these days? I＇m writing to tell you that I am going to take part in an English speech contest for middle school students in October. The opportunity is of great importance to me,so I am busy making preparations for it to have a good performance. However, I still have some difficulty in collecting useful materials. Meanwhile,I find it hard to use English properly. I would appreciate it if you could lend me a hand. I miss you so much that I hope to see you in Beijing after the English contest. I am looking forward to the cheerful moment that we will spend together. Yours, Li Hua 第二节 概要写作(满分25分)
阅读下面短文,根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
(2020浙江杭州八校联考高二上期中考试) Look inside any family home in the evening, and you might see a typical(典型的) scene: Mom and Dad, each on their own laptop or tablet, streaming movies, catching up on work or maybe answering emails on their smartphones. Meanwhile, one child is chatting online with one school friend while texting another. The other is playing a video game with a friend on the other side of the city at the same time. Each member of the family is totally buried in his or her own piece of technology. According to some experts, the effect of technology on human relationships is worrying as technology becomes a substitute(代替物) for the face-to-face human relationship. It appears to be the case that many people would rather spend time with their electronic gadgets(电子产品) than with one another. Young people say it is difficult to get their parents＇ attention and they have to compete with smartphones, tablets and other technology. However, a report from the Pew Internet and American Life Project offers a more helpful and encouraging view, suggesting that far from replacing human contact, technology can actually better family relationships. Just over half of the 2,253 people surveyed agreed that technology had enabled them to increase their contact with distant family members and 47 percent said it had improved the communication with the people they lived with. Moreover, even the closest members of families need time away from each other at some point to seek their own interests. Family members who might otherwise have sat in separate rooms can now be in the same one while still occupying a different mental space. Look back at our typical family scene above. Is it any different from four people reading their own books? Or is it driving families apart? Where technology will lead us remains to be seen. Yet there is no need to worry. As a matter of fact, how it affects our family relationships depends on our attitude toward technology. 答案 One possible version: Nowadays family members are often found lost in their own electronic products. Some experts fear that technology can affect family relationships for lack of face-to-face communication. However, a report has found technology benefits family bonds because it makes members closer and provides private mental space as well. Actually, not technology itself but people＇s attitude towards it influences family relations.
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