2020-2021 学年人教版(2019)选择性必修第四册 Uni3 单元过关演练
本套试卷总分 120 分。考试时间 100 分钟。
第一部分 阅读(共两节, 满分 50 分) 第一节(共 15 小题;每小题 2.5 分,满分 37.5 分) 阅读下列短文,从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A Amazing stories of animals acting just like humans Horses are picky eaters Horses have an even better sense of smell than humans do. When horses raise their noses and open their nostrils (鼻孔), their nervous system allows them to sense smells we can’t sense. This might explain why they refuse dirty water and carefully move around meadows, eating only the tastiest grass, experts say. Whale says thanks In 2011, a whale expert spotted a humpback whale trapped in a fishing net and spent an hour freeing it. Afterward, in an hour-long display of thanks, the whale swam near their boat and leaped into the air about 40 times. Pandas like to be naughty Is there anything more lovely than a baby panda, except maybe a human baby? In fact, baby pandas sometimes behave like human babies. They sleep in the same positions and value their thumbs. Pandas are shy by nature for its shy behaviours such as covering its face with a paw of ducking its head when confronted by a stranger. A cat honours its owner Paper towels, and a plastic cup are just a few of the gifts that Toldo, a devoted three-year-old grey-and-white cat, has placed on his former owner Iozzelli Renzo’s grave every day since the man died in September 2011. Renzo adopted Toldo from a shelter when the cat was three months old, and the two formed an inseparable bond. After Renzo passed away, Toldo followed the coffin to the cemetery, and now “stands guard” at the grave for hours at a time. (
)1. What can horses do to pick the most delicious grass?
A.Feel it.
B.Smell it.
C.Observe it.
D.Taste it. (
)2. Which animal feels shy when facing strangers? A.The whale.
B.The horse.
C.The panda.
D.The cat. (
)3. What do the whale and the cat have in common according to the passage? A.They have a grateful heart.
B.They are quite clever. C.They are active and lovely.
D.They have a good sense of smell. B Olivia Ries was just seven years old when she and her eight-year-old brother Carter adopted a cheetah(猎豹) in South Africa. “When my sister and I first learned back in 2009 that species like the cheetah may be extinct in the wild by the time we have kids, it scared us. We knew we had to do something to help them,” says Carter. “There are so many people (young and old alike) who just don’t know what is happening to so many species, just like we didn’t. Olivia and I want to make sure we reach as many people around the world as possible and help them to understand how serious the situation really is.” To do that, the kids started One More Generation (OMG), an organization with the motto: “Preserving endangered species for one more generation and beyond.” Now, ten years later, Olivia and Carter have travelled all over the world spreading their message. They’ve been interviewed on national television, participated in marches and fund-raisers and won awards for their work. In 2015, they were invited to Vietnam by the United States Embassy to participate in a programme to save rhinos. All that they’ve accomplished for animals and the environment is much too long to list! “Our number one message to everyone we meet is ‘Remember, anyone can make a difference; if we can, you can too,’” says Olivia. “We want all people to understand that what Carter and I are doing is not necessarily something special; it is something that we all should be doing. You can start small by simply adopting an animal. Do some research on the
species you are interested in, and find a good organization offering adoptions. My brother and I take our birthday money and allowance money and adopt animals all the time.” (
)4.How did Olivia and Carter feel when learning cheetahs faced extinction? A.Angry and guilty. B.Shocked and concerned. C.Anxious and helpless. D.Hopeful and determined. (
)5.What does the underlined “that” refer to in Paragraph 3? A.Helping endangered species survive. B.Telling people the situation cheetahs face. C.Making the situation of dying species known. D.Calling on people to adopt endangered species. (
)6.What does Paragraph 4 mainly tell about Olivia and Carter? A.They organized activities to raise money.
B.They took measures to save rhinos. C.They made efforts to list extinct species.
D.They contributed a lot to dying species. (
)7.What do Olivia’s words suggest? A.Anyone can help by starting small. B.Anyone can do something special. C.Anyone should do research on species. D.Anyone should donate to adoption organizations. C Over a million children have developed some form of intellectual disability over the past two decades after being exposed to chemicals including flame retardants, pesticides, lead, and mercury, a study has revealed. The study focused on the four chemicals, which can be crossed from a mother to her unborn baby through the placenta(胎盘)and cause neuro-developmental damage. The researchers looked at data from past studies, including blood samples taken from women of childbearing age and 5-year-olds. Over the period, flame retardants, resulted in 738,860 cases of intellectual disability and an estimated 162 million lost IQ points, followed by lead at 330,684 cases, pesticides at 111,830, and mercury at 8,860. In recent years, pesticides and flame retardants have
overtaken lead and mercury as the chemicals responsible for the biggest loss of IQ among children. The researchers believe this is due to regulations cutting down the use of these chemicals. For instance, lead has been banned from gasoline, paint and drinking water systems in the US and plants are not allowed to pump out mercury. The researchers acknowledged limitations to their study, including that the exposure-response relationships might not relate to all populations. Positively, they found a huge drop in the estimated loss of IQ points among children. Lead researcher Abigail Gaylord, commented: “Our findings suggest that our efforts to reduce exposure to heavy metals are paying off, but that harmful exposure in general continues to represent a terrible risk to people’s physical, mental, and economic health. Unfortunately, the minimal policies in place to remove pesticides and flame retardants are clearly not enough,” she said. She also added, “frequently opening windows to let persistent chemicals found in furniture electronics, and carpeting escape, and eating certified organic produce can reduce exposure to these harmful things.” (
)8. Which contributes most to the loss of children’s IQ? A.Flame retardants. B.Pesticides. C.Lead. D.Mercury. (
)9. Where does the passage probably come from? A.A school report. B.Science fiction. C.A scientific magazine. D.A chemistry book. (
)10. What is the drawback of the research mentioned? A.It has received bad response from all populations. B.It has no previous information to refer to. C.It covers only part of the population. D.It is not supported by government policies. (
)11. What’s the best title for this passage? A.Four chemicals harming children B.Regulations cutting down the use of heavy metals C.Environment risking people’s physical and mental health D.Children IQ lowered by exposure to harmful chemicals
D A recent study confirms that several turtle species(海龟种类) have either greatly dropped or disappeared from various sections of the Australian Murray River. “The problem is that the long life of turtles makes people unable to sense the seriousness of the situation,” says Ricky Spencer, a co-author of the study, which was published in February in Scientific Reports, “It’s human nature that only when something is gone do we start missing it.” Spencer and his workmates recorded the population of three once common turtle species at 52 sites along the southern areas of the river. The researchers inferred the species’ population sizes from the number of individuals they caught in a given amount of time. They found the turtles have disappeared in places where they were previously rich, and most of the individuals they managed to catch elsewhere were large—and likely old—adults. Spencer and his workmates blame the losses on continuing nest predation(捕食) by foxes, accompanied by other problems, including a worse and worse environment and serious drought(干旱) in the 2000s. “We have known about the sudden sharp drop of the population of the turtles for tens of years, and although media have covered a lot about the ‘trouble of our rivers’, nothing has been done,” says Rick Shine from Macquarie University in Sydney, “This paper is a wake-up call that unless we begin to do something about turtle protection, we may lose an attractive part of our native creatures.” The turtles could recover quickly if action is taken to protect nests from foxes and bring back living areas, Spencer notes. But governments tend to respond only when losses reach crisis levels, and the Murray River species currently lack the government’s protection, he says. He and his workmates have a solution, however. “Our next step is to start designing community protection efforts for common turtle species,” he explains, “so people can actually do things without having to wait for the government’s support.” (
)12.Why are people unaware that turtles are in a very serious situation? A. The government hasn’t taken action. B. They know turtles have a long life. C. Old turtles still have a large population. D. Media haven’t done any report about it.
(
)13.What is the greatest challenge for turtles according to Spencer’s team? A. Foxes catch and feed on them.
B. The environment is getting worse. C. The climate is extremely dry.
D. Human beings kill them in quantity. (
)14.Which of the following does Rick Shine agree with? A. Media have already done their best.
B. The study gives people a warning. C. Turtles are sure to disappear soon.
D. Turtle protection is a long process. (
)15.What do we know from the last paragraph? A. It’s not possible that turtles can avoid disappearing. B. The government is taking action agai...