2021 届全国卷英语二轮复习题型混合练 （ （4 ）
一、 When Tom was growing up, other kids felt sorry for him. His parents always had him weeding the garden, carrying out the garbage and delivering newspapers. But when Tom reached adulthood, he was better off than his childhood friends. He had more job satisfaction, a better marriage and was healthier. Most of all, he was happier. Far happier. These are the findings of a 40-year study that followed the lives of 456 teenage boys from Boston. The study showed that those who had worked as boys enjoyed happier and more productive lives than those who had not. “Boys who worked in the home or community gained competence and came to feel they were worthwhile members of society,” said George Vaillant, the psychologist who made the discovery. “And because they felt good about themselves, others felt good about them.” Vaillant’s study followed these males in great detail. Interviews were repeated at ages 25, 31 and 47. Under Vaillant, the researchers compared the men’s mental-health scores with their boyhood-activity scores. Points were awarded for part-time jobs, housework, effort in school, and ability to deal with problems. The link between what the men had done as boys and how they turned out as adults was surprisingly sharp. Those who had done the most boyhood activities were twice as likely to have warm relations with a wide variety of people, five times as likely to be well paid and 16 times less likely to have been unemployed. The researchers also found that IQ and family social and economic class made no real difference in how the boys turned out. Working—at any age—is important. Childhood activities help a child develop responsibility, independence, confidence and competence—the underpinnings (基础) of emotional health. They also help him understand that people must cooperate and work toward common goals. The most competent adults are those who know how to do this. Yet work isn’t everything. As Tolstoy once said, “One can live magnificently in this world if one knows how to work and how to love, to work for the person one loves and to love one’s work.”
1.What do we know about Tom? A.He received little love from his family. B.He had few childhood friends C.He enjoyed his career and marriage. D.He was envied by others in his childhood. 2.Vaillant’s team obtained their findings by_______________. A.recording the boys’ effort in school B.comparing different sets of scores C.evaluating the men’s mental health D.measuring the men’s problem solving ability 3.What does the underlined word “sharp” probably mean in Paragraph 4? A.Clear and definite
B.Quick to react C.Having a thin edge
D.Sudden and rapid 4.What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A.Competent adults know more about love than work. B.Emotional health is essential to a wonderful adult life. C.Love brings more joy to people than work does. D.Independence is the key to one’s success. 二、 阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Life can be challenging for teens. They must deal with schoolwork, family life and friends at the same time to fit. Feeling of sadness, frustration and irritability are common. ①_________ Their negative feelings don"t come and go. Instead, those intense feelings can point to a disease called depression—one that may require treatment.
It"s easy to think that depressed people simply feel sad or hopeless. For many teens that may be true. ②_________ Some kids withdraw from friends and family. Others respond with angry outbursts. Some teens may skip school or stop eating or sleeping. Teachers, parents or even a teen"s close friends may find it hard to tell whether these behaviors are just part of being a teens or signs of something truly serious.
Even depressed teens may not realize they have this problem. ③_________ More than three million Americans between the ages of 12 and 17 experienced depression in 2019. However, a study by researchers at Harvard and Yale universities found that half of all teens with depression
don"t get help until they become adults. And only one in three will have been diagnosed by their doctor.
④_________ "I can only work with what you give me," Dee says, the mental-health professional in Lincoln, Neb.
Dee says, peers should also seek for signs of depression. Keep an eye on your friends, she recommends. Watch for symptoms of isolation (孤立) or hopelessness. ⑤_________ Any of these behaviors could be a symptom of depression.
Overall, knowing who—and how—to help is essential for successfully treating depression in teens. A.And the share of those affected is high. B.Some may start abusing alcohol or drugs. C.Teens should be honest with their answers. D.The problem is that depression in teens can be hard to spot. E.There is a link between mental illness and suicide in teens. F.But for some teens, those emotions take a more extreme turn. G.Even skipping classes can be a sign that something serious is going on. 三、 阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的 A、B、C 和 D 四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Ciudad Perdida, Colombia’s “Lost City” is older than Machu Picchu. There are no trains or buses allowing of
1
travels to reach its ruins. The remote place is only
2
on foot: a tiring multi-day hike.
Despite this, I couldn’t
3
the opportunity to visit Ciudad Perdida. 12 other hikers and I went there in
4
with a licensed guide. The dirt path, which
5
through towering palms and dangling vines(藤蔓),proved
6
right from the start. It’s recommended hikers have good general
7
, as the journey is difficult. Horses helped to carry basic
8
like food to the cabins where we would sleep. Along the way we also met the
9
. They have been left undisturbed for centuries and there’s a deep
10
between them and the land.
The next morning, we were off early to
11
the heat, but high temperatures and muscle pain had already
12
by the time we reached the final stage — 1, 200 stone steps to
13
.
After finally lifting my
14
body up the long flight of stairs, my eyes rested on the scene that had
15
the backbreaking journey : Ciudad Perdida.
I looked down and
16
at the beautiful site below. We were among a handful of other groups visiting, which seemed like
17
compared to other crowded tourist attractions. While the return trip included
18
the mental hurdle(障碍)of having already accomplished our goal, the experience is the one I would do
19
. It is the difficulty that makes the journey a more
20
one. Earned views are always better.
1.A.long
B.endless
C.frequent
D.easy 2.A.impressive
B.accessible
C.worthwhile
D.dangerous 3.A.resist
B.obtain
C.promote
D.find 4.A.company
B.combination
C.harmony
D.communication 5.A.buried
B.spread
C.spun
D.wound 6.A.disappointing
B.embarrassing
C.challenging
D.amazing 7.A.character
B.research
C.independence
D.fitness 8.A.equipment
B.furniture
C.possessions
D.necessities 9.A.natives
B.visitors
C.guides
D.drivers 10.A.similarity
B.distinction
C.bond
D.belief 11.A.reduce
B.beat
C.test
D.feel 12.A.watched out
B.cut off
C.set in
D.gave in 13.A.construct
B.pick
C.cover
D.explore 14.A.energetic
B.painful
C.unhealthy
D.delicate 15.A.convinced
B.predicted
C.motivated
D.simplified 16.A.aimed
B.pointed
C.bent
D.wondered 17.A.something
B.nothing
C.much
D.none 18.A.overcoming
B.memorizing
C.observing
D.fixing 19.A.otherwise
B.again
C.though
D.instead 20.A.rewarding
B.sensitive
C.popular
D.flexible 四、阅读下面短文,在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
We all love to take photographs. It is a simple way to capture (捕捉) a special moment or ①________ amazing view. Traditional cameras ②________ (use)to take pictures in the past
decades. But the biggest change has come ③________ the development of digital technology. Now we have the smartphone ④________ has made taking photos ⑤________ (quick)and easier. It’s enabled us to take a photo and review it instantly, to handle it using software and to share it like never before- ⑥________ (particular)on social media.
Does that mean the traditional camera will eventually become out-of-date? ⑦________ (figure)from Japan show shipments (运送) of digital cameras from companies like Canon and Nikon have dropped 39% year on year. But Phil Hall, editor of TechRadar, thinks there’s nothing ⑧________ (worry) about because producers are looking at higher-end cameras.
Certainly, the ⑨________ (grow)of smartphones opens our eyes to the creative possibilities they provide. But whatever camera viewfinder (取景器) we end up ⑩________ (look) through, it is important to remember the basics of photography and get your subject to say “cheese!” 五、 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文,请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有 10处语言错误,每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧),并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除:把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。
修改:在错的词下划一横线,并在该词下面写出修改后的 词。
注意: 1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词; 2.只允许修改 10 处,多者(从第 11 处起)不计分。
We had a school trip on last Sunday. Hundreds of us took part in it excited. At 8:00 am, we set out for the top of Jiuhuang Mountain in high spirits. All the way we were chatting, singing and laughing, enjoyed the fresh air and the beautiful sceneries. When someone fall behind, others would come or offer help. About 2 hours later, we all reached the top. Seeing from there, the river below looked like a thin belt. We were very happy that we jumped and cheered with joy. The activity benefited us a lot. Not only did we get close to nature, but also we relaxed myself. What wonderful time! 六、 假如你是李华，你的美国网友 Peter 参加中国象棋网络挑战赛获得了一等奖。请根据以下提示写一封英文电子邮件向他表示祝贺。
1)祝贺他获奖； 2)肯定他付出的努力； 3)询问何时方便，在网上切磋棋艺。
注意：
1)词数 100 左右； 2)可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
答案以及解析 一、 答案：1.C; 2.B; 3.A; 4.B 解析：1.细节理解题。根据第一段的 He had more job satisfaction, a better marriage and was healthier.可知,Tom 对工作更满意,婚姻更幸福而且也更健康。C. He enjoyed his career and marriage.(他喜欢他的职业和婚姻)符合以上说法,故选 C 项。
2.细节理解题。根据第三段的 Under Vaillant, the researchers compared the men"s mental-health scores with their boyhood-activity scores. Points were awarded for part-time jobs, housework, effort in school, and ability to deal with problems.(在 Vaillant 的指导下,研究人员将男性的心理健康得分与他们的少年活动得分进行比较。兼职工作、家务、学习努力和处理问题的能力都可以加分)可知,Vaillant 的研究是通过对比不同的得分来获得发现。B. comparing different sets of scores(对比不同的得分)符合以上说法,故选 B 项。
3.词义猜测题。根据倒数第二段的 The link between what the men had done as boys and how they turned out as adults was surprisingly sharp. Those who had done the most boyhood activities were twice as likely to have warm relations with a wide variety of people, five times as likely to be well paid and 16 times less likely to have been unemployed.可知,这些人在孩童时期的行为和成年后的表现之间的联系是惊人的 sharp。那些在童年时代参加过更多活动的人,与各种各样的人之间建立联系的可能性是其他人的两倍,获得高薪的可能性是其他人的五倍,失业的可能性比其他人小 16 倍。根据句意猜测划线部分的意思是“明显的”。A. Clear and definite(清晰明确的)符合以上说法,故选 A 项。
4.推理判断题。根据最后一段的 Childhood activities help a child develop responsibility, independence, confidence and competence—the underpinnings (基础) of emotional health. They also help him understand that people must cooperate and work toward common goals. The most competent adults are those who know how to do this. (童年活动帮助孩子发展责任、独立、自信和竞争力——这是心理健康的基础。它们还帮助人们理解人们必须合作,为共同的目标而努力。最有能力的成年人是那些知道如何做这件事的人)可推测,童年活动——心理健康的基础是成年后成功生活的必要条件。B. Emotional health is essential to a wonderful adult life.(心理健康对于成年的精彩生活是必不可少的)符合以上推测,故选 B 项。
二、
答案：FDACG 三、 答案：1.D; 2.B; 3.A; 4.A; 5.D; 6.C; 7.D; 8.D; 9.A; 10.C; 11.B; 12.C; 13.C; 14.B; 15.C; 16.D; 17.B; 18.A; 19.B; 20.A 解析：1.D 根据下文的"on foot: a tiring multi-day hike"可知,到那里需要步行且需要花费几天时间。由此可知,没有火车或公共汽车能实现让你轻易到达这座城市的废墟。easy"轻易的,不费力的"符合语境。
endless"无止境的,无数的,无限的";frequent "经常发生的,频繁的"。
2.B 根据上文的"The remote place is only"和下文的"on foot"可知,这里指的是到达这个偏远地方的唯一方式是步行:劳累且多日的徒步旅行。accessible"可到达的,可接近的,可进入的",符合语境。impressive"令人印象深刻的";worthwhile"值得的";dangerous"危险的"。
3.A根据下文提到作者进行了这次旅行可知,此处表示:尽管有这个 (困难),我还是拒绝不了参观佩尔迪达城的机会。resist 抵挡,抵抗"; obtain"获得";promote"推动,促进"。
4.A 作者和另外 12 个徒步旅行者在导游的陪同下前往那里。in company with"与...一起"。
5.D 这条土路蜿蜒曲折,穿过高耸的棕榈树和悬挂的藤蔓,从一开始就颇具挑战性(challenging)。bury"埋葬";spread"蔓延,扩散";spin "(使)快速旋转";wind 在这里作不及物动词,表示"蜿蜒,曲折而行"。
6.C 参见上题解析。
disappointing"令人失望的";embarrassing "令人尴尬的";amazing"令人惊喜的"。
7.D 根据下文的"as the journey is difficult" " the backbreaking journey"可知,此处表示徒步旅行者应该身体强壮,因为这个旅程困难重重。
fitness"健壮,健康"。
8.D 马驮着像食物这类的基本必需品(necessities)。
9.A 根据下文的"They have left undisturbed for centuries and there’s a deep
10
between them and the land"可知,作者他们在路上遇到了当地人(natives)。
10.C 几个世纪以来,他们没有被打扰,与这片土地有着深厚的羁绊 (bond)。similarity"相似性";distinction"区别";belief "信念"。
11.B 根据空前的"we were off early to"和空后的"but high temperatures and muscle pain had already
12
by the time we reached the final stage"可知,此处表示作者他们趁着天不热早早出发。beat 在此表示"避免,逃避"。
12.C 当作者他们到达最后一段路程的时候,气温开始上升,作者浑身肌肉开始(set in)酸疼。watch out"小心,注意";cm off"剪掉,中断"; give in"屈服,让步,交上"。
13.C 这段路程需要走完 1,200 阶石阶。cover"行走(一段路程)"。
14.B 根据上文的"muscle pain"可知,在爬了这么长的台阶后,作者的身体应该是疼痛的(painful)。
15.C 最终,作者的目光落在了佩尔迪达城的景色上,而这正是作者进行这次艰苦旅行的原因。motivate "成为……的动机,是……的原因",符合语境。convince"说服,使相信";predict"预言,预报"; simplify"使简易,使简化"。
16.D 解答本题需要理解作者的感情色彩,根据上文可知,作者很期待和重视这次旅行,历经困难后,作者终于到达目的地,此时站在顶上俯瞰这座古城,必然是带着震惊、高兴、激动这样的情绪。wonder at"对……感到惊讶"。
17.B 根据上文可知,这个地方很不容易到达,再根据下文的"compared to other crowded tourist attractions"可知,这里的游客寥寥无几,这点游客数量与其他游客爆满的景点相比似乎不算什么。nothing"无关紧要的事情"。
18.A 尽管返程需要克服(overcoming)他们因完成目标而懈怠的心理障碍,作者还是愿意再(again)经历一次。
19.B 参见上题解析。
20.A 根据作者这次旅行的经历和最后作者的感悟"Earned are always better"可知,困难让这次旅行变得更有意义(rewarding)。
四、 答案：1. an 2. have been used 3. with 4. which/that 5. quicker 6. particularly 7. Figures 8. to worry 9. growth 10. looking 解析：
这是一篇说明文。传统的照相机在过去的几十年里被用于照相。随着数码技术的发展,现在我们有可以照相的智能手机,智能手机照相更快,更容易。文章主要谈了相关的情况。
1.考查冠词。view 为可数名词,此处表示泛指应用不定冠词,且 amazing 为元音音素开头的单词。故填 an。
2.考查动词时态语态。根据后文 in the past decades 可知应用现在完成时,且主语与谓语动词构成被动关系,故用现在完成时的被动语态。主语为 cameras,助动词用 have。故填 have been used。
3.考查介词。句意:但数字技术的发展带来了最大的变化。结合句意表示“伴随……发生”短语为 come with。故填 with。
4.考查定语从句。此处为定语从句修饰先行词 smartphone,且先行词在从句中作主语,指物,应用关系代词 which 或 that。故填 which/that。
5.考查比较级。结合后文并列结构 and easier 可知应填形容词比较级 quicker,表示“更快”。故填 quicker。
6.考查副词。修饰后文介词短语 on social media 应用副词 particularly,表示“尤其”。故填particularly。
7.考查名词的数。本句中缺少主语应用名词 figure,且根据后文 show 为动词原形,可知应用复数形式。句首单词首字母要大写。故填 Figures。
8.考查非谓语动词。句意:不过,TechRadar 的编辑 Phil Hall 认为,没有什么好担心的,因为生产商正在关注高端相机。分析句子结构可知 worry 在句中应用非谓语动词形式,且作不定代词nothing 的后置定语应用不定式。故填 to worry。
9.考查名词。根据上文 the 可知应填名词 growth,表示“增长”。故填 growth。
10.考查非谓语动词。句意:但无论我们最终通过什么相机取景器,重要的是要记住摄影的基本知识,让你的拍摄对象说“茄子”!表示“以……结束”短语为 end up doing sth.。故填 looking。
五、 答案：
We had a school trip on last Sunday. Hundreds of us took part in itexcitedexcitedly.At 8:00 am, we set out for the top of Jiuhuang Mountain in high spirits. All the way we were chatting, singing and laughing, enjoyedenjoyingthe fresh air and the beautifulsceneriesscenery. When someone fallfellbehind, others would come /orand tooffer help. About 2 hours later, we all reached the top. SeeingSeenfrom there, the river below looked like a thin belt. We were verysohappy that we jumped and cheered with joy. The activity benefited us a lot. Not only did we get close to nature, but also we relaxedoursmyselfelves. What a
wonderful time! 六、 答案：
Dear Peter,
I am writing to offer my sincere congratulations to you on your winning the first prize in the Chinese Chess Network Challenge. As your friend, I just want you to know how glad I am at your success. “Everything comes to him who waits.” For these years, you’ve shown great interest in Chinese chess and kept on practicing it every day. Not only have you read many books about Chinese chess strategy, but also you have competed in all kinds of Chinese chess contest. Finally, you succeeded in winning the online competition! So I’m so happy that you become champion of this network challenge. At last, I hope to play Chinese chess with you so that we can make progress together. Please tell me when you have time. Congratulations again. Yours, Li Hua