2. 非谓语动词
常考考点：
主动 被动 doing being done having done have been done to do to be done to have done to have been done
1.They represent the earth
(come) back to life and best wishes for new beginnings. 【答案】coming 【解析】考查非谓语动词。主句为 they represent the earth and best wishes，可判断设空处为非谓语动词，且 the earth 与 come back 为主谓关系，可知此处需填现在分词，作 the earth 的宾语补足语，强调一段时间内正在进行的动作，故填 coming。
2.They make great gifts and you see them many times
(decorate) with red envelopes and messages of good fortune. 【答案】decorated 【解析】考查非谓语动词。主句为 you see them，可判断设空处为非谓语动词，them 代指前文 orange trees，与 decorate
为动宾关系，可知应用过去分词，作后置定语，故填 decorated。
3.They are easy
(care) for and make great presents. 【答案】to care 【解析】考查非谓语动词。sth. is easy to do，表示某事容易……，且此处为动词不定式表示被动，故填 to care。
4.The next morning he hired a boat and set out
(find) the well-known painter. 【答案】to find 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：第二天早上，他租了一条船，出发去找这位著名的画家。结合句意表示出发去做某事应用短语 set out to do sth.，后跟不定式做目的状语。故填 to find。
5. And when he saw the mists rising from the river and the soft clouds
(surround) the mountain tops, he was reduced to tears. 【答案】surrounding 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：当他看到雾气从河上升起，山顶上乌云环绕，他不禁流下了眼泪。分析句子结构可知，the soft clouds
(surround) the mountain tops 是独立主格结构做状语，surround 在句中应用非谓语动词形式，与逻辑主语clouds构成主动关系，故应用现在分词。故填surrounding。
6.When we got a call ______(say)she was short-listed, we thought it was a joke. 【答案】saying 【解析】考查非谓语动词。根据其后所接的宾语从句可知，此处用现在分词形式 saying 作后置定语，解释名词 call 的内容，call 与 say 是主动关系，故填 saying。
7.Scientists have responded by
(note) that hungry bears may be congregating(聚集) around human settlements. 【答案】noting 【解析】考查非谓语动词。根据其前介词 by 可知，此处用动名词主动形式，故填 noting。
8.When the children are walking or ______(cycle) to school on dark mornings, car drivers can easily see them. 【答案】cycling 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：当孩子们在黑暗的早晨步行或骑车上学时，汽车司机很容易看到它们。or 连接两个并列成分，根据 or 前的 walking 可知，此处要用 cycling。故填cycling。
9.But some students didn’t want
(wear) the uniform. 【答案】to wear 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：但是，有一些学生不想穿学生服。want to do sth 想要做某事，这是 want 的固定用法。
故填 to wear。
10.Technological innovations,
good marketing, will promote the sales of these products. A. combined with
B. combining with C. having combined with
D. to be combined with 【答案】A 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：技术创新与良好的市场营销相结合，将促进这些产品的销售。此处是短语：be combined with“与……结合/联合”，本句中省略 be 动词，使用过去分词做状语。故选 A。
11.______ us prepare for the exam, the teacher suggested reading through our notes. A. To help
B. Helped
C. Helping
D. Being helped 【答案】A 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：为了帮助我们准备考试，老师建议通读我们的笔记。分析句子结构可知，老师建议我们诵读笔记是为了帮助我们准备考试。故表目的，应用动词不定式。故选 A。
12.The dancer’s incredible performance had the audience on its feet ______ for 10 minutes at the end of the show.
A. being clapped
B. clap
C. clapped
D. clapping 【答案】D 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：舞蹈演员令人难以置信的表演使观众站起来鼓掌达十分钟之久。该题中，have 表示“使……处于……状态”。______ for 10 minutes 作伴随状语，其逻辑主语 the audience 和 clap 之间是主动关系，故用现在分词。故选 D。
【技巧点拨】
当句中已有谓语动词又没有并列连词与括号中的动词并列，该动词就是非谓语动词。此时，就要根据非谓语动词的用法确定用具体的某种形式。如作主语或宾语，就用动名词（表一般意义）或不定式形式（表具体意义）；作目的状语或在形容词后作状语，用不定式；作伴随状语或作定语，要根据与逻辑主语的关系，用现在分词或过去分词；有时也要根据句式搭配来确定，如 see/hear/notice sb.do/doing sth.，spend doing sth.等。具体解题技巧如下：
第一步：若句中已有谓语，也不是作并列谓语时，应为非谓语动词。
第二步：根据非谓语动词在句中所作句子成分、句式的特殊要求，或某些词语的特殊要求，确定用哪种非谓语动词
形式。如作目的状语一般用不定式形式，作主语或宾语用-ing形式或不定式，在 enjoy，finish 等动词后作宾语用-ing 形式，在 decide，refuse 等动词后作宾语要用不定式形式等等。
第三步：确定非谓语动词与其逻辑主语是主动还是被动关系。
第四步：根据非谓语动词的动作与谓语动词的动作发生的先后关系确定用一般式还是用完成式。
一、 单 句语法填空 1. Peter was so excited when he received an invitation from his friend
(visit) Chongqing. 【答案】to visit 【解析】考查不定式。句意：当彼特的朋友邀请他参观重庆时，他是如此激动。动词不定式 to visit 限定 invitation 做后置定语。故填 to visit。
2. He gave a lame excuse for
(absent) which made him very embarrassed. 【答案】being absent 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：他找了个站不住脚的理由来解释缺席的原因，这使他很尴尬。be absent 表示缺席，且作介词 for 的宾语，应用动名词短语 being absent，故填 being absent。
3. When the moon had risen, we lay on the grass, listening to the wind
(whisper) in the trees. 【答案】whispering 【解析】考查非谓语形式。句意：当月亮已经升起，我们躺在草地上，倾听风在树上低语。名词 wind 与 whisper 是主动关系，故用现在分词作定语。故填 whispering。
4. Helen was kinder to her youngest son, which made the others
(envy) him. 【答案】envy 【解析】考查省略 to 的动词不定式。句意：海伦对她的最小的儿子比对其他的孩子要好得多，这使其他的人很是嫉妒。make sb.do sth.表示让某人做某事，使役动词 make 后跟省略不定式符号 to 的不定式，作宾语补足语。故填 envy。
5. I like getting up very early in the morning because the morning air is so good
(breathe). 【答案】to breathe 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：我喜欢早起，因为早晨的空气呼吸起来感觉很好。breathe和air之间虽然是动宾关系，但 good 后省略了 for me，其逻辑主语是 I，故用动词不定式的主动形式。故填 to breathe。
6. The man ________(circulate) the fake news that 18 firefighters lost their lives in the explosion was arrested.
【答案】circulating 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：传播 18 名火警在爆炸中丧生了的这条假消息的人被逮捕了。传播假消息与 the man是主动关系，所以用现在分词作定语，故填 circulating。
7. The little boy stared at the strange man questioningly, not ________(know) whether to believe what he had said. 【答案】knowing 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：小男孩疑惑地盯着这个陌生人，不知道自己是否该相信他说的话。little boy 与 know之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，表示主动，用现在分词作伴随状语，故填 knowing 正确。
8. Facial recognition technology is working well at tourist attractions around China, ________(reduce) the time people spend standing in lines at entries or security check. 【答案】reducing 【解析】考查现在分词做结果状语。句意：人脸识别技术在中国各地的旅游景点运行良好，减少了人们在入口处或安检处排队的时间。此处是现在分词最自然的结果状语，故答案为 reducing。
9. Actors should be good observers, watching people’s body language and speaking style, ________(transmit) and this into their own abilities to progress in acting.
【答案】transmitting 【解析】考查现在分词做伴随状语。句意：演员应该是很好的观察者，观察人们的肢体语言和说话风格，并将其转化为自己的能力，从而在表演上取得进步。此处句子主语 Actors和 transform 之间是主动关系，是现在分词做伴随状语，与watching 并列，故答案为 transmitting。
10. We had better put off interviewing the athlete, for he is busy preparing for an international contest ________(hold) in Shanghai next month. 【答案】to be held 【解析】考查动词不定式一般式的被动式作后置定语。句意：我们最好推迟采访这位运动员，因为他正忙于准备下个月在上海举行的国际比赛。此处 contest 和 hold 之间是一种被动关系，这里是动词不定式一般式的被动式作后置定语，故填to be held。
11. Everyone in our class was working hard and doing what we could _______(enter) a good college.
【答案】to enter 【解析】考查动词不定式。此句为省略句，即在 could 后省略了动词 do，若把句子补完整应为 Everyone in our class was working hard and doing what we could do to enter a good college。即句中的不定式短语（to enter a good college）是用
作目的状语的，而不是与情态动词 could 一起构成谓语。故填 to enter。
12. Mr.Green stood up in defence of the 16-year old boy,
(say) that he was not the one to blame. 【答案】saying 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：Mr Green 站起来为那个 16岁的男孩辩护，说他不是该受责备的那个人。Mr Green 与 say之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，表示主动，所以使用现在分词作伴随状语，填 saying。
二、语法填空
Passage 1 Fuchsia Dunlop decided to visit China after reading articles about the country for several months. The one-month backpacking trip exposed the English woman
1
a wide range of Chinese food. “The dishes and soups I had even in the cheapest and plain eateries were better than
2
I had in the U.K.,” Dunlop recalled. The last stop of her trip was Chengdu,
3
capital of southwest China’s Sichuan Province. Dunlop learned from friends that Sichuan food represents one of China’s
4
(good)
cuisines, and when the spicy flavor of Sichuan pepper exploded in her mouth, something inside her changed forever. After she returned to London, Dunlop made the decision to study in China at Sichuan University. When she wrote down “studying Chinese
5
(policy) on ethnic groups” on the
6
(apply) form as the reason for a scholarship, what she really had in mind were Sichuan dishes. Her journey eventually led her to become the most knowledgeable English person on Chinese food. She
7
(write) many books on Chinese cuisine since, including Shark’s Fin and Sichuan Pepper, which was translated into Chinese in 2018. According to Chen Xiaoqing,
8
(know) for directing the documentary of A Bite of China, Dunlop is the most insightful foreign writer who
9
(vivid) describes Chinese cuisine in an exciting and accurate way. What she presents to the readers is not just food, but also the profound traditions and tremendous changes
10
(occur) in the country behind the flavors. 【答案】
1. to
2. what
3. the
4. best
5. policies 6. application
7. has written
8. known
9. vividly
10. occurring
【解析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了英国女士邓洛普在中国的美食之旅。
1.考查固定短语。句意：为期一个月的背包旅行让这位英国女士接触到了各种各样的中国食物。expose...to表示使接触、暴露于，故填 to。
2.考查宾语从句。句意：即使是在最便宜的普通餐馆里，我点的菜和汤也比我在英国吃的要好。此处为宾语从句，从句中的 had 缺少宾语，故填 what。
3.考查定冠词。句意：她此行的最后一站是中国西南部四川省的省会成都。the capital of 表示“……的省会”，应该用 the表特指，故填 the。
4.考查形容词最高级。句意：邓洛普从朋友那里得知川菜是中国最好的菜系之一。one of 后的名词常用形容词最高级修饰，故填 best。
5.考查名词复数。句意：当她在申请表上写下“学习中国民族政策”作为申请奖学金的理由时，她真正想的是川菜。policy 当“政策、方针”讲时是可数名词，此处用复数表泛指，故填 policies。
6.考查名词。根据句意可知此处用名词作定语，application form 表示申请表，故填 application。
7.考查时态。句意：从那以后，她写了许多关于中国烹饪的书。此处表示过去的动作对现在的影响，用现在完成时，故
填 has written。
8.考查非谓语动词。句意：以执导纪录片《舌尖上的中国》而出名的陈晓卿说邓洛普是最有洞察力的外国作家，她生动、准确地描述了中国美食。be known for 表示“因……而出名”，此处去掉 be 作定语，故填 known。
9.考查副词。修饰动词 describes 用副词，故填 vividly。
10.考查非谓语动词。句意：她所呈现给读者的不仅仅是食物，还有这个国家在美食背后深刻的传统和正在发生的巨大的变化。changes与occur之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，表示主动，用现在分词作后置定语，故填 occurring。
Passage 2 The wildfires in Australia became considerably worse in January, 2020. The disaster faced by
11
country is far from over. Many of the fires
12
(send) smoke high into the atmosphere and some smoke turned into pyro cumulonimbus clouds. The clouds can help a fire draw in more air and shift surface winds,
13
(result) in fire tornadoes(龙卷风). Fires have destroyed habitats for animals that
14
(find) only in Australia, including koalas and rare birds. It will take time to fully know how much harm the fires have done
15
wildlife. The wildfires are expected
16
(continue) burning for months as Australia entered its dry season. This past year, 2019, is the hottest and driest year on record. Fires happen
17
(regular) during the Australian dry season. However, climate and natural changes are making the situation
18
(bad). At least 12 million acres have been burned so far in Victoria and New South Wales alone. Smoke from the fires has made
19
to South America. There is so much smoke that it may stay in the air for months
20
could have an effect on the planet’s climate. 【答案】
11. the
12. sent
13. resulting
14. are found
15. to
16. to continue
17. regularly
18. worse
19. it
20. which 【解析】这是一篇说明文。澳大利亚的森林大火在 2020 年1 月变得更加严重，同时火灾产生的烟雾又引发了火灾龙卷风。文章说明了这次大火对澳大利亚的破坏和影响。
11.考查冠词。country 为可数名词，此处特指上文 Australia，应用定冠词。故填 the。
12.考查动词时态。根据后文 and some smoke turned into pyro cumulonimbus clouds 可知，此处应用一般过去时，主语与谓语动词构成主动关系。故填 sent。
13.考查非谓语动词。分析句子成分可知，result 在句中作非谓语动词，且与逻辑主语 clouds 构成主动关系，故应用现在分词。故填 resulting。
14.考查动词时态及语态。本句主语 animals 与谓语动词构成被动关系，且描述客观事实应用一般现在时，主语为复数名词，谓语动词应用复数。故填 are found。
15.考查介词。句意：要完全了解火灾对野生动物造成了多大的伤害还需要时间。结合句意表示“对于”，应用介词 to。故填 to。
16.考查非谓语动词。根据短语 be expected to do sth.表示预计，后跟不定式。故填 to continue。
17.考查副词。修饰动词 happen，应用副词 regularly，表示频繁地。故填 regularly。
18.考查比较级。句意：然而，气候和自然变化使情况变得更糟。结合句意表示“更糟”应用比较级形式。故填 worse。
19.考查代词。根据短语 make it to 表示到达。故填 it。
20.考查定语从句。句意：烟雾如此之多，可能会在空气中停留数月之久，这可能会对地球的气候产生影响。此处为非限
定性定语从句，修饰上文整个句子，且从句中缺少主语，故用关系代词 which。故填 which。